Unit I and II: BASIC CONCEPTS AND DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY

Question 1

A branch of Philosophy that deals with he question and standards of what is right and what is wrong

Answer 1

Ethics or Moral Philosophy

Question 2

Ethics came from a Latin word “_____” which means?

Answer 2

ethos - character or Moral nature

Question 3

True or false

When you say character or Moral nature, the character or Moral nature of a person is not affected by his or her personal principles and experiences by the belief and value system of his or her surroundings

Answer 3

False - greatly affected

Question 4

It refers to the rules that affect the choice of a person but are not linked to moral or ethical considerations, similar with ethics people use value judgement in dealing with these aspects

Answer 4

Non-moral standards

Question 5

Give some examples of non-moral standards

Answer 5

Aesthetics
Rules in games
Laws
Personal experiences and principles
Etiquette
Recipe or Formula
Religion
Traditions or norms

Question 6

It refers to the rules or set of guidelines that affect the choices of a person and his or her belief system and decision-making process in problems and situation that beg the question of what morally right or wrong

Answer 6

Moral Standards

Question 7

What are the 5 characteristics of Moral Standards

Answer 7

-Concern with the welfare of beings
-Reliance on reasoning and not on authority
- Overriding of or Hegemonic
- Impartial, Fair and Just
- Special emotions and vocabulary

Question 8

In Moral Standards It deals with matters that can seriously injure or benefit the welfare of beings

Answer 8

Concern with the welfare of beings

Question 9

This characteristics rely on reasoning not on authoritive individuals to support or justify their cause

Answer 9

Reliance on reasoning not on authority

Question 10

It takes precedence over other standards and considerations

Answer 10

Overriding or Hegemonic

Question 11

It means that there is no exemption to the moral standards

Answer 11

Impartial, Fair and Just

Question 12

Moral standards that are associated with special emotions and vocabulary

Answer 12

Special emotions and vocabulary

Question 13

Give examples of Special Emotions

Answer 13

Guilt
Shame
Remorse

Question 14

Give examples of vocabulary

Answer 14

Right
Good
Wrong
Evil
Moral
Amoral
Immoral

Question 15

It is a situation that makes an agent to choose between two alternatives with equal weight wherein both alternatives are either good or both are evil, but the agent cannot to both or all actions

Answer 15

Moral Dilemma

Question 16

True or False

In moral dilemma no matter what the agent chooses will be left with a moral failure but not chooing anything impose greater harm or loss for the agent

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the basic concepts of moral dilemma

Answer 17

Personal advocates
Society
Culture religion
Family and friends
Education and experiences

Question 18

What are the three levels of moral dilemma

Answer 18

Individual dilemma
Organizational dilemma
Structural dilemma

Question 19

In this dilemma it starts with the personal and individual interaction of people and situations in their daily lives

Answer 19

Individual dilemma

Question 20

This dilemma is encountered by institutions, business, organizations in the decision-making process at this level the dilemmas that organizations experiences usually affect more than one person

Answer 20

Organizational dilemma

Question 21

This dilemma affects a network of institutions the operative theoretical paradigms like universal care, juvenile laws and immigration

Answer 21

Structural dilemma

Question 22

True or False

Organizational dilemmas can affect a community in even the society at large

Answer 22

False - structural dilemma

Question 23

What are the four parts of ethics

Answer 23

Descriptive ethics
Normative ethics
Meta ethics
Applied ethics

Question 24

It is the thing that individuals really accept to be correct or wrong

Answer 24

Descriptive ethics

Question 25

It is the thing that individual should do, a prescriptive morals that and it talks about how individuals can settle on what is a ethically right

Answer 25

Normative ethics

Question 26

What are the three segments of normative morals

Answer 26

Virtue ethics Deontology Consequentialism

Question 27

It centers around one's character and kindness

Answer 27

Virtue ethics

Question 28

It is obligation morals or all out objective and good absolutism

Answer 28

Deontology

Question 29

It centers around outcome of an activity

Answer 29

Consequentialism

Question 30

It doubts the significance of goodness morals and profound quality including how individuals and realize what is valid or bogus

Answer 30

Meta ethics

Question 31

It is the utilization of moral hypothesis in various open and private issues like medication business and so on

Answer 31

Applied ethics

Question 32

They proposed the four principles in terms of normative ethics

Answer 32

Thomas Beauchamp and James Childress

Question 33

What are the four principles in terms of normative ethics

Answer 33

Respecto autonomy Beneficence Non maleficence Justice

Question 34

It means the acknowledgment that every person has the right to make choices to hold views and to act based on one's values and respect autonomy respect to beliefs as long as the person is conscious and has a proper understanding of the matter on hand

Answer 34

Respect to autonomy

Question 35

It is the promotion of doing as much goodness as possible refers to the act of kindness, compassion and generosity

Answer 35

Beneficence

Question 36

It is the avoidance of any and justifiable and unnecessary harm

Answer 36

Non-maleficence

Question 37

It means the distribution of resources equally and fairly

Answer 37

Justice

Question 38

It is the shared and learned patterns of behaviors interactions symbolisms and values of a group of people that manifests in your religion food clothing language marriage social habits music and arts and customs

Answer 38

Culture

Question 39

True or False Culture do not reflect the identity of a particular group of people

Answer 39

False - it does

Question 40

True Or false The differences in cultural patterns create a wildly diverse belief and value systems across the world

Answer 40

True

Question 41

It is a disposition that sees a general public's way of life inside the setting of the general public issues and openings

Answer 41

Cultural relativism

Question 42

Advantage or danger Cultural relativism teaches everyone to be more open minded and respectful of other cultures

Answer 42

Advantage

Question 43

Advantage or danger Cultural relativism calls out discrimination against waste nationality and culture and opens more opportunities for everyone

Answer 43

Advantage

Question 44

Advantage or danger. Arises when we are called to a position to judge practice that is repressive and sometimes even harmful toward a group of people

Answer 44

Danger

Question 45

Who said that these points out that it is a mistake to overestimated the amount of differences between cultures not every moral rule can vary from society to society

Answer 45

James Rachel

Question 46

True Or false Adopting the attitude of cultural relativism teaches a person how to be tolerant and respectful of different cultures

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What are the strengths of Filipino moral character

Answer 47

Pakikipagkapwa-tao Family orientation Joy and humor Flexibility Adaptability and creativity Hard work and industry Faith and religiosity Ability to survive

Question 48

What are the weaknesses of the filipino moral character

Answer 48

Extreme personalism Extreme family centeredness Lack discipline Passivity and lack of initiative Colonial mentality Kanya-kanya syndrome

Question 49

These are values that have the same word or level importance across cultures an ethical principles

Answer 49

Universal values

Question 50

It is a conduct that every rational person wants to follow

Answer 50

Universal values

Question 51

What are the common universal values p

Answer 51

Integrity Peace Freedom Human dignity Social progress Equal rights Responsibility Compassion. Loyalty Innovativeness Intuitiveness

Question 52

Who wrote that virtue is both intellectual and moral for it requires time and experience to be developed and can only come as a result of habit

Answer 52

Aristotle

Question 53

Who said that to call for a list of universal values is becoming more urgent because of the future of human survival may depend on it

Answer 53

Richard Kinnier Jerry Kernes Therese Dautheribes

Question 54

Who said "ringer contended that without some all-inclusive principles you are left with no way to denounce savagery physical torment mutilation spouse beating kids misuse subjection, murder or annihilation, on the off chance that they are a piece of ongoing practice and social customs of a gathering"

Answer 54

Kinnier et al (2000)

Question 55

Your individual acts became habits which molds your _________

Answer 55

Moral Character

Question 56

True Or false Your moral character cannot be manifested in your decisions, attitudes and acts

Answer 56

False

Question 57

According to him there are six stages of moral development that hopes to understand how moral reasoning changes as a person grows old and matures

Answer 57

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 58

What are the three levels of moral development

Answer 58

Level 1: Pre-conventional morality Level 2: Conventional morality Level 3: Post-conventional morality

Question 59

What are the six stages of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 59

Stage 1 Obedience and punishment orientation Stage 2 Individualism and exchange Stage 3 Good interpersonal relationship Stage 4 Maintaining the social order Stage 5 Social contract and individual rights Stage 6 The universal principles

Question 60

At the age of 9 and below, The primary focus of an individual is the soft people don't have personal code of morality yet. What level of moral development is this?

Answer 60

Level 1 preconventional morality

Question 61

This level of moral development people start to internalise the moral standards of the group they belong in the reasoning is usually based on the norms of their groups.

Answer 61

Level 2 conventional morality

Question 62

This level of moral development happens under the adolescence to middle age

Answer 62

Level 2 conventional morality

Question 63

This level of moral development individual judgment is based on self chosen principles and moral reasoning is based on individual's rights and justice

Answer 63

Level 3 post conventional morality

Question 64

Level 3 post conventional morality happens at what age

Answer 64

Under adults

Question 65

True or false Everyone reaches the level 3 of moral development

Answer 65

False - not everyone

Question 66

In this stage right and wrong is determined by punishment and authority

Answer 66

Stage 1 obedience and punishment orientation

Question 67

At this stage individual start to learn about individuality and satisfaction of one's desire moral rightness is equivalent to the idea of giving and take

Answer 67

Stage 2 individualism and exchange

Question 68

At this stage the right and wrong is determined by the approval of others and conformity to norms good behaviour is determined by praise, peer pressure is also prominent in the stage

Answer 68

Stage 3 good interpersonal relationship

Question 69

At this stage a person becomes more aware of laws and societal norms in wants to be a good citizen

Answer 69

Stage 4 maintaining the social order

Question 70

You understand that even if norms and laws existing what they might not be always morally right, you learn how to use logic abstract thinking and moral principles to determine what is right and what is wrong

Answer 70

Stage 5 social contract and individual rights

Question 71

At this stage you develop your own ethical guidelines and willingness to defend it even if it means going against the majority of the people

Answer 71

Stage 6 the universal principles

Question 72

What are the characters that push people to create a more peaceful and cooperative environment

Answer 72

Respect Care Compassion

Question 73

What are the characters that push people to create disagreement and conflict among people

Answer 73

Greed Gluttony Anger Selfishness

Question 74

What are the three determinants of morality?

Answer 74

The act itself Intention Circumstances

Question 75

It can be easily identified whether good or bad. It meant what the free will chooses to do in thought, word, and deed or chooses not to do

Answer 75

The act itself

Question 76

Is a motive behind the actions. Answers what is the thinking behind the action.

Answer 76

Intention

Question 77

It means all the elements that surround a human action and affects its morality without belonging to its essence

Answer 77

Circumstances

Question 78

True or false Human creatures are the most self- conscious animals

Answer 78

True

Question 79

According to him there are three principles to consider in understanding the emotions as a response to an experience

Answer 79

Charles Darwin

Question 80

What are the three principles discussed by Charles Darwin

Answer 80

Principle of functional habits Principle antagonistic-thesis Principle of involvement of the enthused nervous system

Question 81

It states that emotional responses are useful expressive habits based on experience

Answer 81

Principle of functional habits

Question 82

In this principle emotions are released through facial emotion or expression

Answer 82

The principle of functional habits

Question 83

This entails that the purpose of emotional responses is for communications clarity

Answer 83

Principle of antagonistic thesis

Question 84

In this principle the emotions are expressed through body movements such as shrugging.

Answer 84

Principle of antagonistic thesis

Question 85

It says that the nervous system needs to discharge excess energy

Answer 85

Principle of the involvement of the enthused level system

Question 86

This principle states that our body is composed of different chemicals, these chemicals affect our emotions or feelings

Answer 86

Principle of involvement of the enthused nervous system

Question 87

True or False Obsession can make us less cautious with the hazards associated with our decisions

Answer 87

False Unnecessary optimism

Question 88

True or false Unnecessary optimism cause people to experience extreme fear about a situation given creature, place, or an object that even without reason

Answer 88

False Obsessions or irrational fear

Question 89

What are the two requirements of morality

Answer 89

Reason Impartiality

Question 90

It is the capacity to see the interconnectedness of things and the logic behind the process involved

Answer 90

Reason

Question 91

It is the principle of detaching oneself from any form of bias and prejudice in order to come up with the objective criterion that is free from unfair and an equal treatment of one type of person to another

Answer 91

Impartiality