Unit I: Introduction to Toxicology

Question 1

Material toxic to mites
Mites are also known as?

Answer 1

Acaricide
Acarina

Question 2

Chemical added to pesticide to increase its toxicity

Answer 2

Activator

Question 3

Toxic component of a formulated pesticide

Answer 3

Active Ingredient

Question 4

The ability of a material to stick to a particular surface

Answer 4

Adherence

Question 5

A spray additive to improve either physical or chemical properties.
Give examples

Answer 5

Adjuvant
Supplement, Sticker, Adhesive, Spreader, Wetter, Emulsifiers

Question 6

The resistance of a plant to insect i.e. having a thick cuticle, hairy leaves, and toxic sap

Answer 6

Antibiosis

Question 7

A chemical possessing the property of inhibiting the feeding of certain insect pests.

Answer 7

Anti-feedant

Question 8

Foodstuff used for attracting pests; usually mixed with poison

Answer 8

Bait

Question 9

Treatment of a band of soil in row-crops, usually covering plant rows, with either sprays or granules

Answer 9

Band Application

Question 10

A general poison or toxicant

Answer 10

Biocide

Question 11

The eating of foliage of bushes and trees

Answer 11

Browsing

Question 12

This material serves as the diluent and vehicle for the active ingredients; usually in dusts.

Answer 12

Carrier

Question 13

Chemical used to render an insect sterile without killing it.

Answer 13

Chemosterilant

Question 14

a pupa enclosed inside a hardened shell formed by the previous larval skin.

Answer 14

Coarctate pupa

Question 15

A silken case inside which a pupa is formed.

Answer 15

Cocoon

Question 16

The ability to mix different pesticides without physical or chemical interactions which would lead to reduction in biological efficiency or increase phyto-toxicity.

Answer 16

Compatibility

Question 17

Commercial pesticide preparation before dillution for use.

also known as:

Answer 17

Concentrated Solution

c.s.

Question 18

Direct application of the pesticide concentrates without dillution.

Answer 18

Concentrate Spraying

Question 19

Proportion of active ingredient in a pesticide preparation, before or after dillution.

Answer 19

Concentration

Question 20

the study of chemicals that contaminate food, water, soil, or atmosphere.

Answer 20

Environmental Toxicology

Question 21

Concerned with the health effects from exposure to chemicals in the workplace.

This field grew out of need to protect workers from toxic substances and to make the work environment safe.

Answer 21

Occupational/Industrial Toxicology

Question 22

Gathers and evaluates existing toxicological information to establish concentration-based standards of “safe” exposure.

The standard is the level of a chemical the average person can withstand without damaging effects.

Answer 22

Regulatory Toxicology

Question 23

Involved in delivering safe and edible food supply to consumers.

This includes studying additives to determine if at what amount they produce harmful effects.

Answer 23

Food Toxicology

Question 24

Concerned with the diseases and illnesses associated with short term or long term exposure to toxic chemicals.

Answer 24

Clinical toxicology

Question 25

Concerned with gathering toxicological information from animal experimentation. These types of experiments can determine how much of a chemical could cause illness or death

Answer 25

Descriptive Toxicology

Question 26

Used to establish cause and effect relationships between exposure to a drug or chemical and the toxic lethal effects that result from that exposure.

Answer 26

Forensic Toxicology

Question 27

Identifies the toxicant through analysis of body fluids, stomach content, excrement, or skin.

Answer 27

Analytical Toxicology

Question 28

Makes observations on how toxic substances cause their effect. The effects exposure can depend on a number of factors, including size of the molecule, the specific tissue type of cellular components affected, whether the substance is easily dissolved in water or fatty tissues.

Answer 28

Mechanistic Toxicology

Question 29

The study of how natural or man made poisons can cause negative effects in living organisms.

Answer 29

Toxicology

Question 30

The branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things, from the basis of cell function at the ionic and molecular level to the integrated behaviour of the whole body of the external environment.

Answer 30

Physiology

Question 31

Damaging to either the survival or normal function of the individual.

Answer 31

Harmful or Adverse Effects

Question 32

The degree to which the substance is poisonous or can cause injury.

Answer 32

Toxicity

Question 33

Relates to the poisonous or deadly effects on the body by inhalation, ingestion, absorption, or by direct contact with a chemical.

Answer 33

Toxic

Question 34

Toxic substances that are produced by or are by-products of human-made activities.

Answer 34

Toxicant

Question 35

Naturally produced toxic substances.

Answer 35

Toxins

Question 36

Includes any sign or feeling indicating the presence of a poison in the system.

Answer 36

Toxic Symptom

Question 37

The health effects that occur due to the exposure to the toxic substance; aka a poisonous effect on the body.

Answer 37

Toxic Effects

Question 38

A chemical will produce injury to one kind of living matter without harming another form of life, even though the two may exist close together.

Answer 38

Selective Toxicity

Question 39

Explain how toxicity develops.

Answer 39

A substance must come into contact with with a body surface skin, eye or mucosa of the digestive or respiratory tract.

Question 40

the use of legislation to control importation and to prevent any spread of a pest within a country.

Answer 40

Legislative

Question 41

the use of mechanical and physical methods of controlling pests.

Answer 41

Physical

Question 42

Regular farm operations designed to destroy pests

Answer 42

Cultural

Question 43

the use of chemical pesticides such as smoke, gas, dusts, sprays, to poison pests.

Answer 43

Chemical

Question 44

the use of natural predators, parasites, and disease organisms to reduce pest populations.

Answer 44

Biological

Question 45

the very carefully reasoned use of several different methods of pest control in conjunction with each other to control pests with a minimum disturbance to the natural situation

Answer 45

Integrated