UNIT I –The Nature of Psychology (9 hours)

Question 1

What is the Definition of Psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It seeks to understand and explain how individuals think, feel, and act, both individually and in social groups.

Question 2

As a Behavioral Science: What Career Fields?

Answer 2

Careers in clinical psychology, counseling, industrial-organizational psychology, sports psychology, and educational psychology are just a few examples. Additionally, the insights gained from psychology can be valuable in fields like marketing, human resources, and healthcare.

Question 3

What are the (8) Eight Critical Thinking Guidelines in Psychology:

Answer 3

1.Ask Questions:
2.Define Your Terms:
3.Examine the Evidence:
4.Analyze Assumptions and Biases:
5.Avoid Emotional Reasoning:
6.Don’t Oversimplify:
7.Consider Other Interpretations:
8.Tolerate Uncertainty: Recognize that some questions may not have definitive answers.

Question 4

What are the 9 Major Approaches in Psychology ?

Answer 4

1.Structuralism
2.Functionalism
3.Gestalt
4.Biological
5.Cognitive
6.Behavioral
7.Humanistic
8.Evolutionary
9.Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytical:

Question 5

Structuralism?

Answer 5

Focuses on the basic elements of consciousness.

Question 6

Functionalism?

Answer 6

Emphasizes the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior.

Question 7

Gestalt?

Answer 7

Emphasizes the organization of stimuli into complete and meaningful wholes.

Question 8

Biological?

Answer 8

Examines the biological basis of behavior and mental processes.

Question 9

Cognitive?

Answer 9

Studies mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 10

Behavioral?

Answer 10

Analyzes observable behaviors and their environmental determinants.

Question 11

Humanistic?

Answer 11

Emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the human potential for positive change.

Question 12

Evolutionary?

Answer 12

Examines how behavior and mental processes have evolved over time.

Question 13

Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytical?

Answer 13

This Focuses on the role of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences.

Question 14

List 8 Psychological Thinkers and Their Theories:

Answer 14

Freud: Psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing the role of the unconscious.
Erikson: Psychosocial development theory, emphasizing social and emotional development across the lifespan.
Piaget: Cognitive development theory, focusing on stages of intellectual growth.
Watson: Behaviorism, emphasizing observable behavior as the focus of study.
Skinner: Operant conditioning, studying the consequences of behavior.
Maslow: Hierarchy of needs, emphasizing motivation and personal growth.
Pavlov: Classical conditioning, studying learned associations between stimuli.
Rogers: Person-centered therapy, emphasizing the importance of empathy and unconditional positive regard.

Question 15

Freud

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing the role of the unconscious.

Question 16

Erikson

Answer 16

Psychosocial development theory, emphasizing social and emotional development across the lifespan.

Question 17

Piaget

Answer 17

Cognitive development theory, focusing on stages of intellectual growth.

Question 18

Watson

Answer 18

Behaviorism, emphasizing observable behavior as the focus of study.

Question 19

Skinner

Answer 19

Operant conditioning, studying the consequences of behavior.

Question 20

Maslow

Answer 20

Hierarchy of needs, emphasizing motivation and personal growth.

Question 21

Pavlov

Answer 21

Classical conditioning, studying learned associations between stimuli.

Question 22

Rogers

Answer 22

Person-centered therapy, emphasizing the importance of empathy and unconditional positive regard.

Question 23

List the six 6 research Methods

Answer 23

1.Tests:
2.Experiment
3.Survey
4.Case Study
5.Observation
6.Correlation

Question 24

Tests?

Answer 24

Standardized assessments to measure various psychological attributes.

Question 25

Experiment?

Answer 25

Controlled studies to explore cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 26

Survey?

Answer 26

Questionnaires or interviews to gather information from a sample of individuals.

Question 27

Case Study?

Answer 27

In-depth analysis of a single individual, often used in clinical settings.

Question 28

Observation?

Answer 28

Systematic watching and recording of behavior in naturalistic or controlled settings.

Question 29

Correlation ?

Answer 29

Examining the statistical relationship between two or more variables, but not implying causation.