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Embryology > Unit II > Flashcards

Unit II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 masses of mesoderm?

A

Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral mesoderm

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the lateral mesoderm

A

Somatic and splanchnic

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3
Q

Where do cardiac progenitor cells lie?

A

In the epiblast lateral to the primitive streak

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4
Q

What develops from the primary heart field?

A

Forms the atria, left ventricle and part of the right ventricle

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5
Q

What forms from the secondary heart field?

A

Bulbous cordis, truncus arteriosus and the rest of the right ventricle

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6
Q

Islands unite to form a horse-shoe shaped endothelial lined tube surrounded myoblast is known as the ________

A

Cardiogenic field

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7
Q

The body cavity over the cardiogenic field is the ________ cavity

A

Pericardial cavity

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8
Q

What are the 5 dilations of the linear heart?

A 
Sinus venosus
Embryonic atrium
Embryonic ventricle 
Bulbous cordis
Truncus arteriosus
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9
Q

What separates the sinus venosus from the embryonic atrium

A

Sinoatrial valves

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10
Q

What separates the embryonic atrium from the embryonic ventricle

A

Atrioventricular cushions

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11
Q

What separates the embryonic ventricle from the bulbous cordis?

A

Proximal bulbar swellings

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12
Q

What separates the bulbous cordis from the truncus arteriosus?

A

Distal bulbar swellings

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13
Q

The sinus venosus recieves blood from what?

A

The right and left sinus horns

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14
Q

The right and left venous horns receive blood from what 3 veins?

A

Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Cardinal vein

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15
Q

The venous system undergoes a _____ ___ _____ _____ which results in the closure of the right umbilical vein and the left vitelline vein

A

Shift to the right

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16
Q

The left sinus horn loses its importance from the shift to the right of the venous system which causes the left sinus horn to form the ________ vein and the _______ ______

A

Oblique vein and the coronary sinus

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17
Q

The right sinus horn forms the smooth walled portion of the RA also known as the _________

A

Sinus venareum

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18
Q

The entrance of the right sinus horn into the RA is marked by what?

A

The right and left venous valves

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19
Q

R and L venous valves fuse and form what?

A

Septum spurium

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20
Q

What two components are important in septation of the atria?

A

Septum spurium and left venous valve

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21
Q

The inferior part of the right venous valve gives rise to what?

A

Valve of inferior vena cava

Valve of coronary sinus

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22
Q

What is the dividing line between the sinus venareum portion of the atrium and the trabeculated wall of the embryonic atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

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23
Q

Smooth walled portion int he RA develops from the ________ to form the _______

A

Sinus venosus

Sinus venareum

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24
Q

The smooth walled portion in the left atria develops from the _________

A

Pulmonary vein

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25
The superior and inferior atrioventricular cardial cushions grow toward each other and fuse to form what?
R and L atrioventricular canals
26
The muscular portion of the interventricular septum grows toward the endocardial cushion but never reaches it and results in an _________ _______
Interventricular foramen
27
What is the closure of the interventricular foramen due to?
Due to the development of the membranous part of the interventricular septum which comes from the inferior surface of the endocardial cushion
28
The R superior truncus swelling and left inferior truncus swelling grow toward each other and finally fuse to form what?
Aorticopulmonary septum
29
What does the aorticopulmonary septum separate?
The pulmonary trunk and the aorta
30
The anterolateral portion of the bulbous cordis forms what?
The outflow channel of RA
31
The posteromedial portion of the bulbous cordis forms what?
Forms the outflow channel of the left ventricle
32
______ _____ provide blood to pharyngeal arches
Aortic arches
33
______ ______ supply the yolk sac
Vitelline arteries
34
______ ______ send blood to the placenta
Umbilical arteries
35
Where do the aortic arches develop from?
The aortic sac at the most distal portion of the truncus arteriosus
36
What does the aortic sac give rise to?
The right and left horns
37
The right horn forms _________ | The left horn forms _______
Right horn forms the brachiocephalic trunk | Left horn forms the proximal aortic arch
38
Vitelline artery in the adult forms the blood supply to what?
GI tract (celiac and superior mesenteric arteries)
39
What do the umbilical arteries persist as in the adult
The medial umbilical ligament and the inferior mesenteric artery
40
Anterior cardinal veins drain _______ of embryo
Cephalic end
41
________ cardinal veins drain into the sinus horns
Common
42
_______ veins drain the kidney
Subcardinal
43
______ veins drain the lower limb
Sacrocardinal veins
44
_______ veins drain body wall via intercostal veins taking over the function of posterior cardinal veins
Supracardinal veins
45
What forms the left brachiocephalic vein?
Anastomoses of the anterior cardinal veins
46
What forms the superior vena cava?
R common cardinal vein and proximal part of the R anterior cardinal vein
47
What forms the left renal vein?
Anastomoses of subcardinal veins
48
What forms the left gonadal vein?
Distal part of left subcardinal vein
49
What forms the left common iliac vein?
Anastomoses of sacrocardinal vein
50
What supports the GI tract to the posterior body wall?
Dorsal mesentery
51
What is found only from the distal esophagus to the proximal duodenum?
Ventral mesentery
52
What is the blood supply to the foregut?
Celiac artery
53
What gradually separates the respiratory diverticulum into the ventral trachea and distal esophagus
Tracheoesophageal septum
54
The posterior wall of the stomach forms the________ | The anterior wall of the stomach forms the _________
Greater curvature | Lesser curvature
55
The rotation along the longitudinal axis pulls the dorsal mesogastrium to the left and forms the _______ _____
Omental bursa
56
How is the stomach attached to the body walls?
Through the dorsal and ventral mesogastrium
57
The dorsal mesogastrium will form the ________ | The ventral mesogastrium will form the ________
Greater omentum | Lesser omentum
58
The terminal portion of the foregut and the cephalic portion of the hind gut form the_______
Duodenum
59
The liver is found in the _______ ______
Ventral mesogastrium
60
The area of the liver that forms a direct contact with the septum transverse has no peritoneal covering is referred to as the _______
Bare area
61
Pancreas develops from 2 buds: ______ and _______
Ventral and dorsal
62
The dorsal pancreatic bud forms in the _______ _______ | The ventral pancreatic duct develops near the ________ _____
Dorsal mesentery | Bile duct
63
What does the ventral bud form?
The uncinate process and the main pancreatic duct
64
The dorsal bud of the pancreas develops into what?
The body and tail of the pancreas
65
Dorsal pancreatic duct forms what?
the major part of the pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct
66
Ventral pancreatic duct forms what?
The proximal part of the main pancreatic duct
67
The midgut communicates with the yolk sac via ________
The vitelline duct
68
When the midgut enters the umbilical cord, what is it called?
Physiological herniation
69
The midgut rotates _______ degrees counter clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery ______ degrees occurs during herniation ______ degrees occurs during regression
270 degrees 90 degrees 180 degrees
70
At the time of regression of the midgut, what part enters first and what part enters last?
Proximal jejunum enters first to left part of abdomen | The cecal bud is the last area to return to the right inferior part of the abdomen
71
Terminal part of the hindgut enters the _____
Cloaca
72
The cloaca is the common end of what two components?
The anorectal canal and the allantois (urogential sinus)
73
What is the layer of mesoderm called that separates the allantois and anorectal canal in the hindgut?
Urorectal septum
74
Urorectal septum eventually will form what?
The perineum
75
``` The caudal (1/3) part of the anal canal is derived from _____ The cranial (2/3) part of the anal canal is derived from ______ ```
Ectoderm | Endoderm
76
What is the blood supply to the caudal part of the anal canal? The cranial part of the anal canal?
The inferior rectal arteries The superior rectal arteries
77
The ______ part of the anal canal contains stratified squamous epithelium and voluntary muscles The _____ part of the anal canal contains columnar cells and is involuntary
Caudal | Cranial
78
What separates the cranial and caudal anal canal?
Pectinate line
79
What is the junction called that the thyroid gland develops from?
The foramen cecum
80
The thyroid gland depends in front of the pharynx, stays attached to tongue through the _________
Thyroglossal duct (will disappear)
81
What is made up of maxillary and mandibular prominences?
Facial prominence
82
Where are the frontonasal prominences located at?
Superior border of stomodeum
83
Nasal placodes are on either side of frontonasal prominences and invaginate to form ________
Nasal pits
84
What first separates the maxillary and lateral nasal prominences?
Nasolacrimal groove
85
The nasolacrimal groove will be closed and form the _________
Nasolacrimal duct
86
What are the 3 components that will form the nose?
Frontonasal prominence Merged medial nasal prominences Lateral nasal prominences
87
The point of meeting of the secondary palate is marked by what structure?
Incisive foramen

Embryology (4 decks)

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