Unit III Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
Thickness of epidermis
A
1-4 mm
2
Q
Procollagen structure
A
3 separate chains arranged in alpha helical structure
3
Q
Inherited disorder of elastin
A
pseudoxanthoma elasticum
4
Q
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
A
mutation in multidrug resistance complex
5
Q
In PXE the dermis becomees
A
enlarged, tangled and calcified-> purple-blue color
6
Q
Sucquet-Hoyer canal
A
control of homeostasis
- shunts blood to skin during overheating and away in hypothermia
7
Q
Identification of a verruca
A
central thrombosed capillary loop
8
Q
Most common cause of leukocytoclastic vasculitis
A
strep infection
9
Q
in alopecia-> conversion of ___ to ___
A
test-> 5 dihydrotestosterone
10
Q
5 alpha reductase inhibitor
A
finasteride
11
Q
Drug that promotes anagen phase of hair growth
A
minoxidil
12
Q
Drug that decreases sebum production
A
isotretinoin (Accutane)
13
Q
3 main components of eccrine gland
A
- The coiled secretory portion deep in the dermis
• The intradermal duct (coiled and straight duct)
• The intraepidermal portion (called the acrosyringium
14
Q
Cells that surround the apocrine coiled gland
A
myoepithelial cells
15
Q
___ pigment is responsible for colored sweat in chromohidrosis
A
lipofuscin pigment
16
Q
Basal cell carcinomas have mutations in the
A
patched 1 gene (part of hedgehog pathway)
17
Q
Treatment for BCC
A
Vismodegib
18
Q
SCC begins in what part of the skin
A
upper part of the epidermis
19
Q
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ AKA
A
Bowen’s disease
- confined to epidermis
20
Q
They usually appear as a solitary lesion in sun exposed skin.
They can develop fairly quickly over 6 to 8 weeks with sizes of 1-3 cm.
Histopathologically, there is a cup-shaped invagination of the epidermis with keratinfilled
central crater. Most cells are large with pale, eosinophilic “glassy” cytoplasm
A
Keratoacanthoma
21
Q
Important anti-microbial peptides on skin (5)
A
- alpha defensins (hNP1, hNP2)
- beta defensins (hBD1,2,3)
- cathelicidin (hCAP-18)
- psoriasin
- RNase7
22
Q
3 types of dermatophytes
A
- epidermophyton- socks and jocks
- microsporum- tinea corporus, cat
- Trichophyton
23
Q
child with gray patch/ scaling of scalp w/ occipital lymphadenopathy
A
tinea capitis
24
Q
Hyperkaratotic foot
A
tinea pedis
25
Candidiasis effects
mucous membranes and skin
26
Cardida infection on corners of mouth
angular chelitis (perleche)
27
tinea versicolor age
post pubertal
28
Scabies transmission
person to person (rarely by fomites)
29
Norwegian scabies
crusted scabies
| immunocompromised and diminished sensory function
30
Super antigen to atopic dermatitis
staphylococcus aureus
31
Associatedd with psoriasis
- arthritis
- crohns
- obesity, metabolic syndrome
- cardiovascular disease
32
Most common adverse effect of glucocorticosteroids
skin atrophy
33
Vitamin D synthesis reaction
7-dehydrocholesterol-> cholecalciferol by UVB
34
Meissner's corpuscles made of
Schwann cells and sensory nerve terminals
35
Embryology of dermal structures
- underlying mesenchyme (will become dermal papillae) induces primitive ectodermal germ (PEG, follicular unit) in overlying fetal skin
36
Lower bulge
attachment for arrector pili
37
Middle bulge
sebaceous gland
38
upper bulge
apocrine gland
39
blocked pores
comedones
40
Eccrine gland derived from
eccrine germ
41
Chromohidrosis is exclusively ___ in origin
apocrine
42
Small molecule inhibitor of smoothened in BCC
vismodegib
43
SCC that begins within scars, ulcers
marjolin's ulcer
44
Smoking is a risk factor for ___ but not ___
SCC
| BCC
45
Development of nodularity (blue or black papule or nodule) in melanoma
Deep tumor
46
Two types of melanoma not associated with intense, intermittant sun exposure
- lentigo maligna melanoma
| - acral lentiginous melanoma
47
Breslow depth greater than 4mm
Bad prognosis
48
Infantile hemangiomas more common in ___
girls
49
Treat infantile hemangiomas with ___
beta blockers
50
Will dermatofibros grow if left untreated?
NO
51
Sign of Leser Trelat
sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratosis-> adenocarcinoma of the stomach
52
Ephelides
freckles
53
Lentigo
Sun spots
54
Port wine stains are a mutation in
GNAQ
55
Complications of dermatofibromas
pain, pruritus
56
Seborrheic keratosis is a benign tumor of
hair follicle
57
THe only appropriate treatment options for nevocellular nevi (3)
- shave biopsy
- punch
- excision
58
Incubation perios of erysipelas
2-5 days
59
CBC cellulitis
Leukocytosis
60
Majocchi's granuloma
variant of tinea corporis characterized by follicular pustules and granulomas
61
Test for irritant contact dermatitis
NOnedrug eruption
62
Differential diagnosis for drug eruption
Viral exanthem
63
Intertrigo
contact dermatitis caused by friction
64
Flaky, greasy scales on head->
sebhorreic dermatitis
65
AAD guideline for max use of class I topical steroids
don't exceed 50 g per week
66
Examples of intracellular restriction factors
- Trim5: blocks retroviruses
| - APOBEC: blocks HIV and HCV
67
Similar to TLRs that recognize viral nucleic acids
RLHs
68
alpha subfamily: HSV-1,2 and VZV establish dormancy in
sensory ganglia
69
Beta subfamily: CMV, HHV-6, 7 establish latency in
monocytes and lymphocytes
70
gamma subfamily: EBV, KSHV establish latency in
B cells
71
Incubation period of Herpesviruses
2-12 days: average 4 days
72
Definitive diagnosis for herpes simplex
- viral culture of lesions
- direct fluorescent antibody
- PCR- most expensive
73
3 groups of patients that should be treated with IV acyclovir
- neonatal herpes
- immunocompromised hosts
- encephalitis or meningoencephilitis
74
Incubation period of chickenpox
10-21 days after exposure
75
Varivax dosing regimen
- Initial dose: 12-15 months
| - Booster dose- 4-6 years
76
Incubation period CMV
2 weeks to 2 month
77
Reactivation of CMV-> (5)
1. pneumonia
2. colitis
3. hepatitis
4. encephalitis
5. Retinitis
78
Congenital CMV
- mothers contract PRIMARY CMV during pregnancy
79
Blueberry muffin spots
extramedullary hematopoiesis in skin-> Congenital CMV
80
Tricky point about diagnosis of CMV
many people with old disease shed virus intermittantly
81
Telangiectasias are common in what type of skin cancer?
BCC
82
Sebhorreic dermatoses + onchymyocis + rapid onset psoriasis->
HIV
83
Fever of unknown origin + splinter hemorrages + janeway lesions + osler nodes + roth spots->
infective endocarditis
84
Skin tightening + Raynaud's + esoph/gi dysmotlity ->
scleroderma
85
Porhyria cutanea tarda
associated with hepatitis
86
Herpesvirus: E genes encode
transcriptional activators
87
Herpesvirus: L genes encode
structural proteins, such as capsid and glycoprotein
88
Herpesviruses acquire envelope from
Golgi complex
89
More severe in herpesvirus infection: primary or secondary infection?
Primary
90
Encephalitis is primarily caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2? Childhood, adult, neonate
Childhood and adults- HSV-1
Neonate- HSV-2
91
3 forms of neonatal herpes
1. Skin eye and mucous membrane
2. CNS
3. Disseminated- most severe
92
Who to not give live attenuated virus to
immunocompromised patients
93
CMV infects epithelial cells of ___ and ___
salivary gland or genital tract
94
Most frequent clinical manifestations of CMV (4)
pneumonia
colitis
retinitis
hepatitis
95
Influenza lives on the hand for
5 minutes
96
Influenza lives on steel or plastic for
24-48 hours
97
Influenza lives on cloth or paper for
8-12 hours
98
Flu symptoms in adolescents and adults
- fever
- chills
- myalgias
- headache
- cough
99
Flu symptoms in neonates
- lethargy
- decreased eating
- mottling
- apnea
100
Flue symptoms in infants and toddlers
- GI
- fever
- anorexia
- respiratory symptoms
101
CDC recommendation for influenza vaccination
anyone older than 6 months without a contraindication
102
Most common cause of encephalitis in US
HSV
103
Diagnosis of herpes keratitis
Fluorescein stain
104
HSV establish latency in
sensory ganglia
105
stages of vzv
blister-> pustules-> scab
106
Treatment of VZV
```
- acyclovir within 48-72 hrs
immune globulin (varazig) within 48 hours
```
107
Treat of PHN (post herpetic neuralgia)
NSAIDs or corticosteroids
108
Eye involvement with no pain
CMV
109
Temporal lobe involvement
Think encephalitis-> HSV
110
Bowen's disease (SCC) in anal and genital area indicative of
HPV infection
111
People with EB are at increased risk of
SCC
112
Spongiotic dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis
113
What type of target molecule receptors for viruses are the least specific
Carbohydrate
114
Humoral response is critical for ___ of viruses
recognition
115
Cell mediated response is critical for ___ and ___ of microbes
recognizing and eliminating
116
When necrotizing fasciitis occurs in chicken pox, it is most often due to
Group A strep
117
Only test for CMV that can distinguish primary and recurrent infections
Serology
118
Neonatal acyclovir clearance
only 1/3 of adults
119
2 RSV immunoprophylaxis
- Palivizumab: monoclonal anti-RSV
| - Motavizumab- binds to F protein
