Unit IIIC. The Nursing Theories Flashcards
___ is an approach to questions about social cognition, or how one understands other people, that focuses on bodily behaviors and environmental contexts rather than on mental processes.
Interaction theory
Psychodynamic Nursing
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
The “mother of psychiatric nursing,” and the pioneer in the development of the theory and practice of psychiatric and mental health nursing.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
Born September 1, 1909, in Reading, Pennsylvania to immigrant parents of German descent
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
___ died on March 17, 1999.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
Her father was illiterate and a workaholic while her mother was oppressive, and perfectionist.
Raised in a paternalistic family and society.
Though higher education was never discussed at home, she was strong-willed, with the motivation and vision to grow beyond the traditional women’s roles.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
She graduated from the Pottstown, Pennsylvania School of Nursing in 1931 and worked as a staff nurse in Pennsylvania and New York City.
Worked as a school nurse at Bennington College in Vermont. Earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Interpersonal Psychology in 1943.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
Worked with the WHO by serving as an advisor, and was a visiting professor at universities throughout the United States and around the world.
Consultant to the US Surgeon General, the US Air Force, and the National Institutes of Mental Health.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
She also participated in policy-making groups for the United States government.
As a child, she saw the devastating effects of the flu epidemic in 1918, which greatly influenced how she understood how illness and death impacted families.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau
___ theory focuses on the interpersonal processes and therapeutic relationship that develops between the nurse and client.
Hildegard Peplau’s Psychodynamic Nursing
___ defines nursing as a therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient.
Peplau
She believed that through the devise of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, the nurse could be most beneficial to human beings” (Fawcet, 2010).
Peplau
___ theorized that nurse-patient relationships must pass through three phases or processes in order to be successful: the orientation, the working, and the termination.
Peplau
Peplau theorized that nurse-patient relationships must pass through three phases or processes in order to be successful:
the orientation, the working, and the termination.
___ Phase – A trusting relationship is formed. The nurse collects data, and evaluates the patient’s needs, desires, and potential to reach personal and nursing goals.
Orientation
___ Phase – This is where most of the “work” of the relationship is done. The nurse uses her knowledge problems. And education to solve client’s health problems.
Working
In this phase of Peplau’s theory, The patient recognizes the nurse as helping, empathetic, and providing unconditional care. The power shifts from the nurse to the patient as they become independent in their own care
Working
___ Phase – The nurse and patient separate as the nurse finalizes the discharge plan and helps the patient transition to the next phase – total independence.
Termination
The nurse has a variety of roles in Hildegard Peplau’s nursing theory. The six main roles are:
stranger, teacher, resource person, counselor, surrogate, and leader.
In this role, the Nurse and patient meet for the first time. The goal is to establish and build trust with the patient. Success in this role is the foundation for the development of a therapeutic relationship and is necessary for the establishment of other roles (Courey et al, 2008)
Stranger
In this role, The nurse provides detailed instructions to a patient or informally by self-modeling patterns of health and wellness (Lego, 1998).
Teacher
In this role, Using expert professional knowledge and critical thinking skills, the nurse
provides factual health information and evaluates the plan of care.
Resource Person
In this role, Nurse collaborates with patient to work towards treatment goals.
Leader
In this role, the nurse takes the place of family, relatives, or friends.
Surrogate
In this role, The nurse seeks to explore the problem and feelings as well as be aware of their anxiety – active listener and guidance/support.
Counselor
There is a 7th role that Peplau did not define in her original theory – the ___.
Nurses employ to provide care like physical assessment, use of IV pumps, BP taking and manipulating ventilators.
the technical role.
Peplau classifies man’s anxieties into four levels:
Mild, moderate, severe, panic anxieties.
___ anxiety is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems.
Mild anxiety
If left unaddressed, ___ anxiety can lead to maladaptive coping strategies or more severe mental conditions.
mild anxiety
___ anxiety involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on immediate task only); the person can learn a new behavior or solve problems only with assistance.
Moderate
Symptoms of this level of anxiety are disruptive and may succeed in managing their anxiety with the help of a doctor or self-help strategies.
Moderate
___ anxiety involves feelings of dread and terror as manifested by tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain. The person cannot be redirected to a task.
Severe
Individuals with ___ anxiety may turn to alcohol and drugs as a means to cope with their symptoms.
severe
___ anxiety can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness.
Panic
NURSING
She defines it as a “human relationship between an individual who is sick, or in need of health services, and a nurse specially educated to recognize and to respond to the need for help.”.
Peplau
PATIENT
She defines man as an organism that “strives in its own way to reduce tension generated by needs.” The client is an individual with a felt need.
Peplau
ENVIRONMENT
Although she does not directly address society/environment, she does encourage the nurse to consider the patient’s culture and more when the patient adjusts to the hospital routine.
Peplau
HEALTH
Health is defined as “a word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.”
Peplau
Strengths
This theory helped later nursing theorists and clinicians develop more therapeutic interventions regarding the roles that show the dynamic character typical in clinical nursing.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau’s Psychodynamic Needs Theory
Weaknesses
Though this stressed the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice, health promotion, and maintenance were less emphasized.
Hildegard Elizabeth Peplau’s Psychodynamic Needs Theory
An Irish American born in 1926 and passed away in November 2007.
Received her nursing diploma from New York Medical College at the Lower Fifth Avenue Hospital School of Nursing.
Ida Jean Orlando
Earned her Bachelor of Science in Public Health from St. John’s University in Brooklyn, and her Master of Arts Degree in Mental Health Nursing from Teachers College, Columbia University.
Ida Jean Orlando
