Unit IV Eyes

Question 1

The range of the visible wavelength are _______.

Answer 1

400-700 nm

Question 2

The eye can responds to: (4)

Answer 2

varying luminance,
sensitivity of form,
movement,
distance

Question 3

The functions or modalities of an eye include: (5)

Answer 3

sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity,
dark-adapted scotopic vision,
discrimination of form,
discrimination of movement,
color in light-adapted photopic vision

Question 4

The paired eyes can perform: (3)

Answer 4

panoramic vision with muscles,
binocular vision,
stereoscopic vision

Question 5

The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ____________ degree.

Answer 5

90 degrees

orbital axis is 22.5 degrees

Question 6

Name the mucous membrane, which lines the inner surface of the eyelids.

Answer 6

conjunctiva

Question 7

Name the fibrous tissue extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents.

Answer 7

orbital septum

Question 8

Name the bone(s), which form(s) the superior wall or roof of the orbit.

Answer 8

formed mainly by the orbital part of the Frontal bone…near apex, it is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Question 9

All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit, EXCEPT
A. ethmoid bone. B. lacrimal bone. C. sphenoid bone. D. palatine bone.

Answer 9

D. Palatine bone

including frontal bone

Question 10

Name the feature, which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls.

Answer 10

Inferior Orbital fissure

Question 11

The apex of the orbit is in the ____________ of __________ bone.

Answer 11

lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (optic canal)

Question 12

Name the bones, which form the base of the orbital margin.

Answer 12

Frontal, Zygomatic, and Maxillary bone

Question 13

The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ______ and _____.

Answer 13

optic canal and superior orbital fissure

Question 14

Name the transparent structure, which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball.

Answer 14

bulbar conjunctiva

Question 15

The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ______ and ______.

Answer 15

palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva

Question 16

The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and _____.

Answer 16

(superficial to the) tarsi and (deep to the) skin of the eyelid

Question 17

The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ______.

Answer 17

tarsi

Question 18

The ciliary glands are located in the margin of the _______.

Answer 18

eyelids

Question 19

Name the enzyme, which is bacteriocidal in the lacrimal fluid.__________

Answer 19

lysozyme

Question 20

The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by _______.

Answer 20

the lateral expansion of the levator palpebrae superioris tendon

Question 21

Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland in sequence.

Answer 21

Superior salivatory nucleus–>nervus intermedius–>Facial n–> geniculate ganglion–> Greater Petrosal nerve–>nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–>ganglionic branch of maxillary n.–> maxillary nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve of ophthalmic nerve–> to lacrimal gland

Question 22

Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland in sequence.

Answer 22

T1-T5–>Superior Cervical Ganglion–>Internal Carotid Nerve–>Internal carotid plexus–>Deep Petrosal nerve–>nerve to pterygoid canal–> pterygopalatine ganglion–>ganglionic branch of maxillary n.–> maxillary nerve–> zygomatic nerve–> zygomaticotemporal nerve–> lacrimal nerve of ophthalmic nerve–> to lacrimal gland

Question 23

Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus.

Answer 23

nasolacrimal duct

Know sequence

Question 24

The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball is consisted of the ______ and _____.

Answer 24

sclera and cornea

Question 25

Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the eyeball.

Answer 25

cornea

Question 26

The vascular layer of the eyeball is called ________

Answer 26

Uvea

Question 27

The vascular layer of the eyeball is consists of the _____, _____ and ____.

Answer 27

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

Question 28

Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. True/False

Answer 28

False. Externally

Question 29

Name the innermost layer of the choroid.

Answer 29

pigmented cell layer

Question 30

The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ______ and posteriorly with ______.

Answer 30

anteriorly with iris and posteriorly with choroid

Question 31

The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the _____ anteriorly and ______ posteriorly.

Answer 31

Cornea anteriorly and iris and pupil posteriorly

Question 32

Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetical responses. True/False

Answer 32

False Parasympathetics are faster

Question 33

Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball. _______________

Answer 33

Pigment cell layer

Question 34

Name two features on the fundus of the eyeball.

Answer 34

optic disc (papilla) and macula leutea

Question 35

The optic disc is sensitive to color. True/False

Answer 35

False. insensitive to light

Question 36

Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision. ____

Answer 36

fovea centralis of macula lutae

Question 37

The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the ___________.

Answer 37

ora serrata

Question 38

Name the main artery that supplies the retina. _______of ____________

Answer 38

central artery of ophthalmic artery

Question 39

Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina, in sequence.

Answer 39

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor and retina

Question 40

The cornea is innervated by the ____ of ____.

Answer 40

long ciliary nerve of the nasociliary nerve of ophthalmic nerve

Question 41

Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus.

Answer 41

Vorticose of Sup and Inf Ophthalmic vein | Anterior ciliary veins of muscular veins of Sup and Inf Ophthalmic vein

Question 42

The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body.

Answer 42

Zonular fibers

Question 43

Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction.

Answer 43

Short Ciliary nerve of Ciliary Ganglion

Question 44

Name two main arteries, which supply the eye. | ________ of _________, ________ of ________

Answer 44

Ophthalmic artery of Internal Carotid a. | Maxillary artery of External Carotid a.

Question 45

The central vein of the retina drains into the _______ or _______.

Answer 45

Cavernous sinus or Superior Ophthalmic Vein

Question 46

The aqueous humor drains directly into the: A. Sclera venous sinus. B. Limbal plexus. C. Vorticose veins. D. Anterior ciliary veins

Answer 46

A. Sclera venous sinus (via the Canal of Schlemm)

Question 47

The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina.

Answer 47

neural and pigment cell layers

Question 48

The papilledema results from increased intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True/False

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Horner syndrome results from interruption of ________________.

Answer 49

cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 50

``` The Honer syndrome includes all of the following, EXCEPT A. miosis. B. ptosis. C. vasodilation. D. hydrosis. ```

Answer 50

D. hydrosis......Anhydrous (absence of sweating)

Question 51

The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause the ______.

Answer 51

ptosis (drooping of the superior eyelid)

Question 52

The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through ___________.

Answer 52

sclera venous sinus