Unit Notes Pt2

Question 1

What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)?

Answer 1

A program that loaned money to banks and businesses to stabilize the economy

Question 2

How did the Great Depression affect racial minorities?

Answer 2

African Americans and Latinx communities faced the highest unemployment rates and discrimination

Question 3

What were Roosevelt’s Brain Trust advisors?

Answer 3

Experts from diverse backgrounds who helped shape New Deal policies

Question 4

What was the role of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA)?

Answer 4

It helped people get home mortgages and stabilized the housing market

Question 5

What was the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?

Answer 5

To regulate the stock market and prevent fraud

Question 6

What happened to banks during the Great Depression?

Answer 6

Many collapsed, leading to lost savings and economic instability

Question 7

What was the purpose of soup kitchens?

Answer 7

To provide free meals to people struggling during the Depression.

Question 8

Why did farmers burn crops and dump milk?

Answer 8

To protest low prices and attempt to create a food shortage to raise prices.

Question 9

What happened to many Latinx communities during the Depression?

Answer 9

Many were deported or pressured to leave the U.S. despite being citizens.

Question 10

Who was Father Charles Coughlin?

Answer 10

A Catholic priest who criticized Roosevelt and the New Deal

Question 11

What was the purpose of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?

Answer 11

To regulate industry and establish fair working conditions

Question 12

Why was the NIRA declared unconstitutional?

Answer 12

The Supreme Court ruled it exceeded federal authority over industry

Question 13

What was the Fair Labor Standards Act?

Answer 13

It established minimum wage, maximum work hours, and restrictions on child labor

Question 14

How did the Depression affect children’s education?

Answer 14

Many schools closed or shortened days due to falling tax revenue

Question 15

What was the Farm Security Administration (FSA)?

Answer 15

It supported poor farmers and documented rural struggles

Question 16

Why were people opposed to deficit spending during the New Deal?

Answer 16

Critics believed the government was spending money irresponsibly

Question 17

What was the role of the Public Works Administration (PWA)?

Answer 17

It funded large infrastructure projects to create jobs

Question 18

Why did Roosevelt attempt the Court Packing Bill?

Answer 18

To add judges favorable to his policies after Supreme Court opposition

Question 19

What was redlining?

Answer 19

A discriminatory practice where the government refused to back loans in minority areas

Question 20

What role did banks play in the stock market crash?

Answer 20

They loaned excessive amounts of money for stock speculation, leading to instability

Question 21

What was a Hoover tourist?

Answer 21

Teen boys who illegally traveled across the country looking for work

Question 22

What was the Wagner Act?

Answer 22

A law protecting the rights of workers to unionize

Question 23

How did Roosevelt’s fireside chats help Americans?

Answer 23

They reassured the public and explained New Deal programs

Question 24

What was the purpose of the Home Owners Loan Corporation?

Answer 24

It provided loans to struggling homeowners to prevent foreclosure

Question 25

What was the Dust Bowl’s impact on migration?

Answer 25

Many farmers fled to California in search of work

Question 26

What was the Second New Deal?

Answer 26

Roosevelt’s expansion of his policies after his second term.

Question 27

How did the Depression impact urban areas?

Answer 27

Cities saw increased homelessness and unemployment

Question 28

What was Roosevelt’s Bank Holiday?

Answer 28

He temporarily closed banks to stop panic and stabilize the banking system

Question 29

Why was the AAA controversial?

Answer 29

Why was the AAA controversial?

Question 30

How did Hollywood respond to the Depression?

Answer 30

Films provided escapism and entertainment during tough times

Question 31

Who were hobos?

Answer 31

Homeless men who traveled the country looking for work

Question 32

What was the Federal Writers Project?

Answer 32

A program that employed writers and documented Depression-era stories

Question 33

Why did the Republican Party oppose Roosevelt’s New Deal?

Answer 33

Many believed it was too interventionist and socialist.

Question 34

What was the purpose of the Civil Works Administration (CWA)?

Answer 34

It provided temporary jobs to help unemployed workers

Question 35

What was the first peacetime draft in U.S. history?

Answer 35

The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940

Question 36

What did the Glass-Steagall Act regulate?

Answer 36

It separated commercial and investment banking to prevent risky speculation

Question 37

What was the Stimson Doctrine?

Answer 37

A U.S. policy that refused to recognize territory taken by force, targeting Japan

Question 38

How did the Depression affect women?

Answer 38

Many sought work but faced discrimination, and some states restricted married women from employment

Question 39

What was the National Youth Administration (NYA)?

Answer 39

A program that helped young people with education and job training

Question 40

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?

Answer 40

To provide military aid to allied nations before U.S. entry into WWI

Question 41

Who was Huey Long?

Answer 41

A senator advocating wealth redistribution; he was assassinated at the peak of his popularity

Question 42

What was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)?

Answer 42

It gave money to states for relief programs

Question 43

What was the Atlantic Charter?

Answer 43

A joint declaration by Roosevelt and Churchill outlining post-war goals

Question 44

Why was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) created?

Answer 44

To bring electricity and prevent flooding in impoverished areas

Question 45

What was Roosevelt’s "Shoot on Sight" order?

Answer 45

A policy allowing U.S. ships to fire on German submarines before formal war

Question 46

How did the Depression affect European economies?

Answer 46

It led to economic instability and fueled the rise of totalitarian regimes

Question 47

What was the primary goal of the New Deal?

Answer 47

To provide economic relief, recovery, and reform

Question 48

Why did the New Deal end?

Answer 48

WWII shifted national focus, and deficit spending declined

Question 49

What did Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech advocate?

Answer 49

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear

Question 50

What was the Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 50

A U.S. policy promoting cooperation with Latin America instead of intervention