Unit one Flashcards
Why might psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists and theorists be interested in studying children? Adolescence? Adulthood? What is the purpose of this research?
Children - They get a better understanding of children’s early experiences and they have a significant impact on adolescence and adulthood.
Adolescence - they get to learn the emotional changes faced by teenagers, learn about crises and challenges faced by adolescents and understand social and moral development
The purpose of this research is to understand the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life cycle
In class we used the acronym P.I.E.S + M to represent many crucial strands of human development. What does each letter represent? Can you provide examples for each area?
Physical: bodily changes regarding shape, size and movement (ex. Puberty changes, height and weight and heavily influenced by proper nutrition, hygiene, exercise and rest)
Intellectual: the cognitive thinking and learning processes one experiences (ex. Mental stability, memory and motor function)
Emotional: the process of learning to recognize and express one’s feelings and establish one’s identity (ex. Regulating happy vs. sad)
Social: process of learning to interact with others and express oneself to others (ex. Forming intimate relationships, cooperating/making friends, proper manners, interacting with strangers etc)
Moral: the process of developing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding standards of right vs. wrong (ex. Children learn that stealing is wrong and they will be punished by the law)
Define Human (lifespan) development. How does this differ from life expectancy?
Human (lifespan) Development: is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life cycle.
Life expectancy is the average number of years that a person lives, whereas lifespan is the maximum number of years that a person may live.
Can you list at least one rite of passage example for each of the 8 Periods of Development?
Parental Period (conception to birth) - mother feeling the baby “kick”, finding out the sex of the baby and giving birth
Infancy (birth - 2 years) - speaking first words “mama” or “dada”, first time rolling over, first time crawling and walking
Early Childhood (2 to 4 years) - potty trained, attending preschool/daycare, attending kindergarten (JK/SK) and sleeping in a “big girl/boy” bed
Middle and late childhood (5 to 11 years) - attending elementary school, member of a team and puberty ma began (for some)
Adolescence (12-17 years) - drivers license and graduation from highschool
Early adulthood (18-34 years) - buying lottery tickets, age of majority, graduating college/university, establishing persian economic independence, getting your first “real job”, career development and marriage/parenthood
Middle adulthood (35-65) - raising children, caring for elderly parents, career satisfaction, taking on a high role and children starting school
Late adulthood (65+) - retirement (CPP age 65), grandchildren and having friends around you pass
Which lifespan period of development is the largest? Explain why
The longest lifespan period of development would be late adulthood because it covers a wide range of our lives
List and describe the 3 processes of development and give ONE example for each to demonstrate your understanding.
Biological Processes (produce changes in an individual’s physical nature) - ex. Changes in motor skills
Cognitive Processes (changes in the individuals thought, intelligence, and language) - ex. Solving a puzzle
Socio-emotional Processes (changes in the individuals relationships with other people, changes in emotions) ex. - infant smiles in response to their mothers touch
Debate the following- Is AGE really just a number? (review note on types of age)
The series of numbers don’t define who you are, what you achieved, or what you can still accomplish. Age is the amount of time during which someone or something has lived or existed
What conclusions could you make if we know that Jade’s biological age is measured at 57 and her chronological age has been measured at 45?
If Jade’s biological age is measured at 57 and her chronological age has been measured at 45, it seems like her general health might not be the greatest. She might smoke, drink, alcohol, have a poor diet, and lack exercise. This concludes that she might not have a longer life than she expected.
What is the difference between growth and maturation?
Growth refers to physical size, like height and weight whereas maturation refers to a series of biological changes in a child demonstrating new abilities.
When discussing processes of development, what do the terms interwoven and bi-directional mean?
Interwoven - Biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes are inextricably intertwined
Bi-directional: Biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes can influence one another
Review your notes on the 8 periods of development. Recall the documentary watched in class on the conjoined twins Abby and Brittany. List FOUR different rites of passage or milestones (be specific) that the conjoined twins might be challenged with.
Infancy →their first time crawling/walking/rolling over would be a challenge for them because they have to first get used to moving accordingly with one another which can especially be hard considering they are young. One might feel more ready to start walking and developing their motor skills, but the other one might not feel as ready so there would be conflict between the two.
Adolescence →Their first time driving would be a rite of passage they will experience. One of their challenges would be conflicts with driving. Technically there are 2 people driving the car and they might come across conflicts where they need to decide which person is responsible for each task (stearing, gas)
Early Adulthood →Getting their first “real” job would be considered a rite of passage they might experience. One challenge would be salary conflict. They might share or have separate salaries depending on their manager.
Middle and late childhood - Being a part of a team/club could be a rite of passage they might experience. One challenge they might come across on being able to participate properly in a sport. Since they are conjoined, it might be hard to run around. Also, they might have different interests, one might want to join a club/team but the other might not.
What are the three stages of Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral development theory?
Level three: Postconventional: highest level morality →internalized and not based on others standards
Level two: Conventional Reasoning →internalization is intermediate, abide certain standards (external vs. internal)
Level One: Preconventional: Lowest level → show no internalization of moral values (children obey because adults tell them to obey. Decisions are often based on the fear of punishment
What stage of Erikson’s 8 Developmental theory do you belong to according to this theorist? What is the dilemma that others in this stage also face?
According to Erikson’s 8 Developmental theory, the stage I belong to is the 5th one. This stage crisis is Identity vs. Role Confusion and I mainly have to make decisions regarding education which determines my future.
Urie Bronfenbrenner says our lives are a set of interrelated “complex systems.” List these 5 systems and be able to provide an example for each
Microsystems → family, school, per group, neighborhood
Mesosystem →composed of connections between one’s immediate environments (between the home and school)
Ecosystem → made up of external environmental settings that only indirect effect development but of which, the individual is not part; i.e. ones parents workplace (if the parent is always at their workplace, that affects the development of their child)
Chronosystem → change over time; the patterning of environment events and traditions over the course of a life
Mirosysem - Composed of the larger cultural context; the values, customs, laws, beliefs, traditions of the surrounding culture (national economy, Eastern/Western culture, political culture, subculture
Generativty vs. Stagnation
Erik Erikson
Generativty - the need to crest a living legacy (concerns are for family and society)
Stagnation - a person remains self-centred and does not care for others
