Unit One - Atomic Structures / Properties

Question 1

What is a hydrate

Answer 1

An ionic compound with water loosely attached

This can also mean that when heat is applied the hydrate is seperated faster, thus decreasing the mass

Question 2

Steps to determining the empirical formula

Answer 2

Step One: determine moles of each given (percentages can translate directly to moles)

Step Two: Divide each mole amount by the smallest moles

Step Three: Multiply if needed (so the rations are whole numbers)

Question 3

Steps to determine the molecular formula

Answer 3

Step One: Determine the empirical formula

Step Two: Divide the given molar mass by the molar mass of the empirical formula

Step Three: Multiple to get whole numbers

Question 4

Steps to determine empirical formula through combustion

Answer 4

Step One: Stoichiometry

Use molar mass, then molar ratio of compound to element to determine moles of the individual element

Step Two: Divide by the smallest mole amount

Step three: Multiply if needed to get a whole number

Question 5

Determining Percent Composition

Answer 5

Step One: Through stoichiometry determine the amount of grams produced in the experiment

Step Two: Divide the determined gram amount by the grams of sample give and mulitply by 100

Question 6

Ionization energy trend

Answer 6

Columns: decreases as more quantum levels are added

Rows: increases across a row as more protons are present

Question 7

Atomic radius trend

Answer 7

Columns: increase as more quantum levels are added

Rows: decreases across a row as more protons present

Higher zeff = smaller radius

Question 8

Electron afinity trend

Answer 8

Deffinition: amount of energy relseased when an electron is added

The upper right of the table has the biggest zeff values and the bigger electron affinity

Question 9

Electronegativty trend

Answer 9

Upper right of the table has the highest electronegativities (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Flourine)

Question 10

Zeff Equation

Answer 10

zeff = protons - core electrons

Does not change in a COLUMNS only in ROWS

Question 11

What is binding energy

Answer 11

Energy that binds electrons to an atom

Question 12

Valence versus core in photoelectron spectroscopy

Answer 12

VALENCE electrons are esiers to remove (less attracted to the nucleaus)

CORE elctrons are harder to remove (increase in binding energy)

Question 13

Photoelectron spectroscopy graphs

Answer 13

Pay attention to the x axis

Peaks that are the same high have the same number of electrons

Question 14

Calculating percent abundance