Unit One: Cells 🧫

Question 1

What do animal cells contain?

Answer 1

Cytoplasm, a nucleus, a cell membrane, and mitochondrion

Question 2

What do plant cells contain?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm, a nucleus, a cell membrane, a cell wall (made of cellulose), mitochondria, a permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

Question 3

What takes place in the cytoplasm?

Answer 3

Chemical reactions.

Question 4

What does the nucleus contain

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

Answer 5

The Nuclear membrane

Question 6

What are the chromosomes inside the nucleus made of?

Answer 6

DNA (DeoxyrboNucleic Acid)

Question 7

What happens within the mitochondrion?

Answer 7

Chemical reactions/ cell respiration

Question 8

What is the purpose of the cell wall (plant cells)

Answer 8

Prevent the cell from bursting

Question 9

What does the vacuole contain?

Answer 9

Cell sap, which stores water.

Question 10

What’s the purpose of the vacuole?

Answer 10

(When full) makes the cell rigid and provides support to the plant

Question 11

What do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 11

Chlorophyll (green pigment)

Question 12

What is the job of chlorphyll?

Answer 12

Traps light and helps the plant produce food

Question 13

Are bacteria cells single celled?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Is there a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm in bacteria cells?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Is there a nucleus in bacteria cells?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What is inside the circular chromosome inside the cytoplasm?

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

What are plasmids?

Answer 17

Small rings of DNA (present in bacteria cells)

Question 18

What is the cell wall made of (in bacteria cells?)

Answer 18

Not cellulose

Question 19

What does a bacteria cell contain?

Answer 19

Cytoplasm, A cell wall, chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, and a flagellum (not always present)

Question 20

What’s the unit used to measure cells?

Answer 20

Micrometers

Question 21

How many micrometers in a cm?

Answer 21

1000 micrometers= 1mm

Question 22

What’s the equation used to calculate magnification of cells?

Answer 22

Magnification= length of image divided by the actual length of the image

Question 23

How do you calculate the actual the length of a cell?

Answer 23

Actual length= length of the image divided by the magnification

Question 24

What level of magnification can electron microscopes get up to?

Answer 24

Up to about 50,000,000x

Question 25

What are some advantages of electron microscopes?

Answer 25

Higher resolution and very high magnification

Question 26

What are some disadvantages of electron microscopes?

Answer 26

Specimens must be dead, images aren’t in colour, special training required, extremely expensive

Question 27

Is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

How do substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 28

Diffusion

Question 29

What is diffusion?

Answer 29

The random movement of a substance from where it is in a high concentration to where the concentration is lower

Question 30

How is the rate of diffusion affected by the concentration gradient?

Answer 30

The larger the concentration gradient, the larger the rate of diffusion

Question 31

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 31

Higher temperatures increase kinetic energy therefore increasing the rate of diffusion

Question 32

How does surface area affect rate of diffusion?

Answer 32

The larger the surface area, the faster diffusion takes place

Question 33

What are cells?

Answer 33

(Microscopic) Building blocks of living things

Question 34

What are tissues?

Answer 34

Cells that are similar in function, grouped together to form tissues

Question 35

What is an organ?

Answer 35

A structure made out of several types of tissue, that carries out a particular function (eg, heart, lungs, a leaf)

Question 36

What is an organ system?

Answer 36

Groups of organs which co-operate to carry out a particular function (eg, digestive system, cardiovascular system)

Question 37

What is an organism?

Answer 37

A group of organ systems that make up a complex animal or plant

Question 38

What are stem cells?

Answer 38

Very simple, undifferentiated cells that continue dividing to produce more stem cells and differentiate into a wide variety of specialised cell types

Question 39

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 39

Stem cells only found in early animal embryos that can form any cell type. They grow rapidly and are easy to culture

Question 40

What are adult stem cells?

Answer 40

Unspecialised cells only found in certain organs in adults, these can only produce certain types of cells. They are more difficult to grow and culture.

Question 41

Where are plant stem cells found?

Answer 41

Apical growing points or meristems

Question 42

What can stem cells treat?

Answer 42

Leukaemia (by transferring bone marrow), to produce new immune cells which can fight disease, to help treat genetic diseases

Question 43

How is leukaemia treated?

Answer 43

1. Chemo and radiotherapy to destroy cancerous cells. 2. The patients bone marrow stops producing new cells. 3. Patient is given a bone marrow transplant. 4. Donor stem cells produce new, healthy cells.

Question 44

What’s a risk of leukaemia treatment?

Answer 44

Destruction of the person’s white blood cells leaves the person with no immune system, and the stem cells may divide uncontrollably and produce tumours or unwanted cell types

Question 45

Is the use of embryos (stem cells) be considered murder?

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

Who’s human rights are ignored (stem cells)

Answer 46

The embryo

Question 47

What do some people fear may lead to cloning or designer babies

Answer 47

Use of Stem cells.