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AP Psych Vocab > Unit One: Research Methods > Flashcards

Unit One: Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Empiricism

A
  • Knowledge originates in experience

- Science should rely on observation and experimentation

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

Uses introspection (self-reflective, looking inward) to explore the structural elements of the human mind

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive+flourish

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4
Q

Experimental Psychology

A

The study of behavior+thinking using the experimental method

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5
Q

Behaviorism

A

Psychology should ONLY study observable behavior

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6
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Emphasizes: -Growth potential of healthy peeps -Individual potential for personal growth

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7
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The study of brain activity linked with thinking, memory, perception+langauge

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8
Q

Psychology

A

The study of behavior+mental processes

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9
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

Controversy over general contributions genes+experiences make to the development of traits+behavior

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10
Q

Natural Selection

A

Organisms with the most desirable trait survive to reproduce

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11
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

DIffering complementary views

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12
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

Includes biological, social and cultural approach

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13
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Studies neurotransmitters, genes, and links b/t psychological and biological processes

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14
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using natural selection

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15
Q

Psychodynamic Psychology

A

Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that info to treat psychological disorders

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16
Q

Behavioral Psychology

A

The study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning

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17
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

The study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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18
Q

Socio-Cultural Psychology

A

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

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19
Q

Psychometrics

A

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities attitudes and traits

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20
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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21
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout a persons life span

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22
Q

Educational Pyschology

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

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23
Q

Personality Psychology

A

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

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24
Q

Social Psychology

A

The study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

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25
Applied Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
26
Industrial-organization Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in work places.
27
Human factors Psychology
The study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and env.
28
Counseling Psychology
A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being
29
Clinical Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders
30
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical and psychological therapy
31
Hindsight bias AKA the i knew it all along phenomenon
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it
32
Critical thinking
Thinking that does not blindly accepts arguments and conclusion assumption discerns hidden values evaluates evidence assesses conclusions
33
Theory
An explanation using an integrated set of principles and explains observations and predicts behavior/events.
34
Hypothesis
A testable prediction often implied by a theory
35
Operational Definition
A statement of the procedures/ operations used to define research variables
36
Replication
Repeating
37
Case study
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
38
Survey
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes/behavior of a particular group.
39
Population
All the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn
40
Random Sample
A sample that fairly represents a population b/c each number has an equal chance of inclusion
41
Naturalistic Observation
Observing behavior without human interaction
42
Correlation
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together *predicts the other
43
Correlation Coefficient
A statistical index of the relationship b/w two things from -1 to 1
44
Scatterplots
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
45
Illusory Correlation
The perception of a relationship where none exists
46
Overconfidence
We tend to think we know more than we actually do
47
Experiment
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect some behavior/mental process
48
Random Assignment
Assigning participants to experimental+control groups by chance, minimizing differences b/w those assigned to different groups
49
Double-Blind Procedure
An experimental procedure in which both of the participants and scientists are blind about whether the participants have received the placebo or not
50
Placebo Effect
Experimental results caused by expectations alone
51
Experimental group
The group that is exposed to the treatment, to one version of the I.V.
52
Control Group
The group that is not exposed to the treatment,
53
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied
54
Confunding Varibable
A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiement
55
Dependent Variable
The outcome that is measurable, the variable that may change in response to manipulation of the I.V.
56
Mean
Average
57
Median
The number in the middle
58
Range
The biggest number minus the smallest number
59
Standard Deviation
A measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
60
Normal Curve`
A bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data *most scores fall near the mean
61
Statistical Significance
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
62
Mode
The # that occurs the most
63
Culture
Behavior, ideas, attitudes, + traditions shared by a group of people + transmitted from one generation to the next
64
Informed Consent
An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to whether they wish to partcipate
65
Debriefing
The post experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose +any deceptions to its participants

AP Psych Vocab (1 decks)

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