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Unit Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is…
Life-span perspective

A

Examines patterns of growth, change and stability in behaviour that occurs during entire lifespan

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2
Q

What is
Development

A

Examining physical, mental and social changes that occur throughout lifestyle

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3
Q

What is
Language acquisition

A

People, especially children become able to understand and speak a language without any lessons or learning rules

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4
Q

What is
Nature

A

Biological inheritance has the most influence on development and behaviour

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5
Q

What is
Nurture

A

Environmental experiences have the most influence on development and behaviour

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6
Q

What is
Environment

A

The affect of upbringing and life experiences after birth

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7
Q

What is
Normative age- graded influence

A

Biological and environmental influences similar to individuals in specific age group

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8
Q

What is
History- graded influence

A

Biological and environmental influences associated with particular historical moment

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9
Q

What is
Normative life events

A

Life events that occur in individuals that are similar to those occurring in in most others at similar time

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10
Q

What is
Non- normative life events

A

Specific, atypical events which occur in particular persons life at a time when it doesn’t happen to most people

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11
Q

What is
The family life cycle

A
  1. Unattached young adult
  2. Newly married couple
  3. Family with young children
  4. Family with young adolescence
  5. Launching stage
  6. Empty nest
  7. Aging years
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12
Q

What is
Theory

A

Systems of ideas that can explain certain aspects of human thoughts, behaviours and emotions

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13
Q

What is
the 1st area of development

A

Physical
- gross and fine mother skills
- growth and maturation of senses, muscles, organs and body systems

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14
Q

What is
The 2nd area of development

A

Intellectual
- brain growth and stimulation of the central nervous system
- maturation of mental processes such as learning, imagination, memory and perception
- language development in young children

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15
Q

What is
The 3rd area of development

A

Emotional
- positive feelings towards self or any human group
- maturation and evolution of emotions, social skills, identity, personality and morals

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16
Q

What is
The 4th area of development

A

Social
- how to interact, play, take turns, share or talk
- ability to build relationships and friends
- aware and supportive
- independence

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17
Q

What are
The 5 characteristics of development

A
  1. Similar for everyone
  2. Builds an earlier learning
  3. Proceeds at an individual rate
  4. Inter related
  5. Continues throughout life
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18
Q

Personality explains?..

A
  • stability in a persons behaviour
  • behavioural differences of reactivity to same situations
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19
Q

What is
The 1st personality type

A

Extroversion
- outgoing, sociable, assertive, friendly

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20
Q

What is
The second personality type

A

Neuroticism
- anxious, hostile, self conscious, insecure, vulnerable

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21
Q

What is
The third personality type

A

Openness
- Curiosity, flexibility, fantasy, imaginativeness, artistic

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22
Q

What is
The fourth personality type

A

Agreeableness
- sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, straightforward

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23
Q

What is
The fifth personality type

A

Conscientiousness
- diligent, disciplined, well, organized, punctual, dependable

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24
Q

What is
The first born like in the birth order

A

Responsible, reliable, organized, perfectionist, critical, high achiever, leaders

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25
What is The Middlebourne like in birth order
Compromising, diplomatic, avoid conflict, loyal, many friends, feels forgotten, secretive
26
What is The last born like in the birth order
Attention seeking, manipulative, charming, loving, affectionate
27
What is An only child like
Comfortable with older and younger persons, self motivated, high achievers
28
What is ID
- primitive, innate urges - wants immediate gratification - Is incapable of considering potential loss - Irrational and impulsive
29
What is ego?
- right verse wrong, angel versus devil, acts as a referee - mediates between impulses and super egos inhibitions - considers consequences
30
What is super ego?
- has a conscience and wants to do the correct thing - Seeks to control impulses from perspective - Permits gratification of impulses only when morally correct
31
What is the first developmental stage of the psychosexual theory?
Oral- birth-18m Oral gratification, sucking breast/bottle, placing in mouth
32
What is the second developmental stage of psychosexual theory?
Anal- 18m-3yrs Bowel pleasure, resisting toilet training
33
What is the third third developmental stage of psychosexual theory?
Phallic – 3 to 6 years Awareness of sex organs, love-hate relationships with same-sex parent, opus complex (boys), electro complex (girls)
34
What is the fourth developmental stage of psychosexual theory?
Latency - six to puberty Same-sex friends, a few opposite sex friends
35
What is the fifth and final stage of development in the psychosexual theory?
Genital – adolescence Dating around, sexual energy
36
What is the first defence mechanism?
Denial – arguing against an anxiety provoking stimulus by staining it does not exist
37
What is the second defence mechanism?
Displacement – taking out impulses on a less threatening target
38
What is the third defence mechanism?
Intellectualization, avoiding unacceptable emotions by focussing on the intellectual aspects
39
What is the fourth defence mechanism?
Projection – placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else
40
What is the fifth defence mechanism?
Nationalization – supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason
41
What is the sixth defence mechanism?
Regression – returning to a previous stage of development
42
What is the seventh stage of development?
Repression – pulling into the unconscious
43
What is the eighth stage of defence mechanism?
Sublimation – acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way
44
What is the ninth defence mechanism?
Suppression – pushing into the unconscious
45
What is the order from the top of the pyramid to the bottom pyramid of Maslow’s higher key needs?
1. Self actualization. 2. Esteem. 3. Belong in love. 4. Safety. 5. Psychological.
46
What is the first stage of Erickson’s development?
trust versus mistrust - child must learn trust by needs met consistently or inner sense of mistrust in future relationships
47
What is the second stage of development in Erickson’s theory?
Anatomy verse shame, doubt - Mom and them are separate - Learns to exercise well or they might feel shameful becoming their own - Mother causes desire to feel wanted and not allow gross stage in their child
48
What is the third stage of Erickson’s theory of development?
Initiative verse guilt - Initiate tasks and conversations - parent taking over makes a child feel guilty
49
What is the fourth stage of Erickson’s theory of development?
Industry versus inferiority - Feels competent or productive or else they will feel inferior to others - Is the child good at praise them? - Comparing breeds anger or jealousy
50
What is the fifth stage of Erickson’s theory of development?
Identity versus role confusion - sense of self and purpose if not, they will become confused and their role for life - Parents should give teens responsibilities and increase them Ex. Babysitting, volunteering, house, chores, job, leadership roles
51
What is the sixth stage of Erickson’s theory of development?
Intimacy versus isolation - Young adults, learn to establish close relationships by opening in real with others or else they are unable to develop close relationships, and isolated living - stage five developed you are safe to have a relationship so you don’t base your identity on someone else
52
What is the seventh stage of Erickson’s theory of development?
General activity versus stagnation - feel like they are giving back to future generations or else a lack of purpose and they feel unacceptable and self-absorbed - How I accomplished all that I want in life, is what they ask
53
What is the eighth stage of Erickson’s theory of development?
Integrity versus despair - old age rings thoughts of end - they either feel good about their life achieving goals and a meaningful life or they feel dissatisfied and feel like they have missed opportunities - reflect on life
54
What is the first stage of Colbert theory and what level does it fall under?
1.preconventional Obedience and punishment - Based on avoiding punishment, a focus on the consequences of actions rather than intentions
55
What is the second stage of Colbert’s theory and what level does it fall under?
1. preconventional Individualism and exchange - the right behaviours are those that are in best interest of oneself - titfortat mentality
56
What is the third stage of Goldbergs theory of moral development and what level does it fall under?
2. Conventional. Interpersonal relationships - Good boy, good girl attitude, sees individuals as filling social roles
57
What is the fourth stage of Kohlberg’s theory and what level does it fall under?
2. Conventional. Authority and social order - law and order as highest ideals, social obedience is a mass to maintaining a functional society
58
What is the fifth stage of Goldberg’s theory and what level does it fall under?
3. Postconventional. Social contract - Begin to learn, others have different values - Realization that law is contingent on culture
59
What is the sixth stage of Goldberg theory and what level does it fall under?
3. Postconventional. Universal principles - Develop internal moral principles - Individual begins to obey these above the law
60
What is the first stage of PIJ theory of cognitive development?
Sensory motor stage- birth to 2 yrs -infants use their senses and actions to explore their environment - object permanence, objects continue to exist, even when they are not visible - Learn, simple scheme is based on their experiences, which evolve as they interrupt with their surround
61
What is the second stage of Pagés theory of cognitive development?
Preoperational – 2-7 yrs - Children start to use words, images, and drawings to represent objects and experiences - Often view the worldly from their own perspective, having difficulty understanding others few points - Children may attribute human qualities to imitate objects believing that they can feel or have intentions - Do understand the concept of conversation - imaginative play becomes prominent
62
What is the third stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
Concrete operations 7-11 - Learn to solve more complex problems using basics - Cannot think an abstract way - understand conversations - Understand reversibility – things that can return to original continue after being changed - Multiple classification
63
What is the fourth theory of Piaget’s cognitive development?
Formal operations- 11 to adulthood - can think through very complex problems, find sexual solutions, and choose the most logical one - Can think an abstract ways and understand loyalty and freedom - Can understand hypothetical thinking

Phsyc (1 decks)

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