Unit test 1:

Question 1

Do organisms within the same class have to be in the same order?

Answer 1

No, an animal can be in a different order even if they are the same type of animal

Question 2

slime layer:

Answer 2

an extracellular material in a bacteria cell (can easily be removed)

Question 3

capsule:

Answer 3

the outer “envelope” of a bacteria cell

Question 4

plasmid:

Answer 4

Dna structure

Question 5

nucleoid:

Answer 5

contains DNA. A nucleus like, irregular shaped region that stores most or all genetic info a prokaryotic cell

Question 6

flagella:

Answer 6

tail like structure(s) that whip(s) around to propel the bacterium.

Question 7

prokaryote:

Answer 7

no organelles. 1 circular chromosome

Question 8

eukaryote:

Answer 8

a multi cellular organism, contains organelles

Question 9

how does bacteria reproduce?

Answer 9

binary fission (cell division). Where a single cell divides into identical daughter cells and replicates

Question 10

how do protists reproduce?

Answer 10

binary fission and sexual reproduction (conjugation)

Question 11

What does the gram stain detect?

Answer 11

it detects the chemical makeup of the cell wallow bacteria. (the cell wall can stain (+) or (-) depending on its chemistry.

Question 12

where in general do archaebacteria live?

Answer 12

very harsh conditions & extreme environments

Question 13

reasons bacteria are helpful

Answer 13

they help decompose, antibiotics, ferment foods

Question 14

lytic cycle:

Answer 14

1. entry
2. replication
3. assembly
4. release

Question 15

1. entry:

Answer 15

virus attaches to the cell and pulls DNA (RNA also)

Question 16

2. replication:

Answer 16

the cell starts making parts of the viruses

Question 17

3. assembly:

Answer 17

the assembling of viral particles

Question 18

4. release:

Answer 18

the cell bursts open and dies (due to lack of energy from making virus)

Question 19

lysogenic cycle:

Answer 19

1. injects
2. replicate
3. enters lytic cycle

Question 20

1. injects

Answer 20

phage DNA injects bacteria

Question 21

2. replicate

Answer 21

phage may replicate with bacterial DNA for many generations

Question 22

3. what happens when the lysogenic cycle goes to the lytic cycle?

Answer 22

many copies of phage’s protein coat and genetic material is produced.

Question 23

4. last stage of lysogenic cycle:

Answer 23

phages assemble and release when the bacterium cell wall lyses.

Question 24

influenza:

Answer 24

spherical virus. aka the flu. causes symptoms

Question 25

ebola:

Answer 25

deadly disease caused by an infection with one ebola virus species.

Question 26

how do amoeba move:

Answer 26

using pseudopodia "false feet". the cytoplasm flows forward to form a pseudopod and then evens back out.

Question 27

how do ciliates move:

Answer 27

cilia

Question 28

how do flagellates move:

Answer 28

with an extension called the flagella that whips around

Question 29

most protists are single celled, why are they not classified as bacteria?

Answer 29

they are eukaryotes. protists have a nuclear membrane. bacteria is prokaryotic & do not have a nuclei. has different organelles

Question 30

hyphae:

Answer 30

branching filaments that make up a mycelium

Question 31

mycelium:

Answer 31

vegetative part consisting of networks of fine filaments (hyphae)

Question 32

main productive structure of fugus:

Answer 32

mushroom

Question 33

how are fungi useful?

Answer 33

decompose, important food ingredients (like yeast), alcohol, antibiotics,

Question 34

how are fungi harmful?

Answer 34

decay food, kill plants with infection, athletes foot, lung problems, disease, allergies, ringworm

Question 35

how are fungi different form plants?

Answer 35

do not have chloroplasts, cannot photosynthesize, heterotrophs, chitin cell wall (not cellulose)

Question 36

2 adaptations of plants for living on land.

Answer 36

roots- provides stems with water and dissolved minerals (root growth supported by photo synth), -cuticle" prevents water loss

Question 37

gymnosperm:

Answer 37

plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit. (ex; conifers)

Question 38

angiosperm:

Answer 38

plant that has flowers and produces seeds. (ex; most trees, grasses, shrubs)

Question 39

why do plants produce seeds

Answer 39

to reproduce

Question 40

why do plants produce flowers

Answer 40

to make seeds to further reproduce

Question 41

why do plants produce fruit

Answer 41

they produce seed bearing fruit to encourage animals to eat the seeds and excrete them (they are already fertilized with faces)

Question 42

3 features of a body plan

Answer 42

location of body structure, body cavities & tissues, symmetry

Question 43

sponge:

Answer 43

asymmetrical, belongs to phylum porifera, intracellular digestion, lack tissue

Question 44

jellyfish, `cnidaria:

Answer 44

radial symmetry, belongs to phylum cnidaria, `have nematocyst tissue

Question 45

another name for coelom:

Answer 45

eucoelomates, body cavity

Question 46

advantages of coelom:

Answer 46

more complex digestive system. between intestinal canal and body fluids. splitting of mesoderm

Question 47

endoskeleton:

Answer 47

internal support structure (ex; bone, cartilage)

Question 48

exoskeleton:

Answer 48

complex outer covering of an organism which protects muscles, soft tissue, and other important internal things. (ex: skin)

Question 49

frog respiration:

Answer 49

when out of the water frog uses mucus glands in the skin keep frog moist and absorb oxygen from air. breathe > lungs exchange gas > skin (cutaneous exchange)

Question 50

frog circulation:

Answer 50

3 heart chambers. receives deoxygenated blood through right and left receives oxygenated blood.

Question 51

features all animals have in common:

Answer 51

eukaryotic, breath, reproduce, move