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Honors Government > Unit Test 1: Introduction To Government > Flashcards

Unit Test 1: Introduction To Government Flashcards

(54 cards)

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0
Q

Definition of nation?

A

Cultural concept for a group of people bound together by a strong sense of shared values and cultures.

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1
Q

Definition of state?

A

Body of people living in a defined territory

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2
Q

Definition of Sovereignty?

A

Supreme and absolute power within a territory

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3
Q

Definition of public policy?

A

Laws/Public Policies are governments response to public issues

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4
Q

Definition of authoritarian[political system]?

A

Those who are I’m power hold total authority over citizens

No one to answer to for their actions/decisions

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5
Q

Definition of democratic[political system]?

A

Political power is held by the people

Power of government and people are both limited

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6
Q

Definition of unitary[form of govt]?

A

Majority of the power is held by central govt.

Local govt. Is week

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7
Q

Definition of confederate[form of govt]?

A

Sovereign states combine for a specific purpose
Majority of power is held by the local govt.
Central govt. Is weak

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8
Q

Definition of federal[form of govt]?

A

Power is shared between central and local govt.

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9
Q

Definition of democracy?

A

Supreme and political power rests with people.

People hold sovereign power and govt. Is conducted only by & with consent of people

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10
Q

Definition of dictatorship?

A

Gains power through force
Has total power & authority
People have no say

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11
Q

Definition of totalitarian?

A

Dictator that has nearly total control & influence over citizens lives
Ruler maintains control through terror

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12
Q

Definition of scarcity?

A

Limited amount of resource

Unlimited amounts of wants and needs

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13
Q

Definition of Free- Enterprise System?

A

Open freedom of business

5 characteristics.

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14
Q

Definition of capitalism?

A

Economic system where individuals & businesses own factors of production & they make most of the economic decisions

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15
Q

Definition of communism?

A

Economic and political system where govt. Owns all factors of production & make all economic decisions

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16
Q

Definition of opportunity cost?

A

Cost of giving up 1 choice in order to select another

Think cause and effect

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17
Q

What is government?

A

Institution in which public policies (laws) are made and enforced

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18
Q

Examples of public policies?

A

Education, healthcare, transportation are examples

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19
Q

4 criteria for a state?

A

Sovereignty
Government
Territory
Population

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20
Q

Difference between a state and nation?

A

Nation- people are bound together by values and culture

State- people together in a specific territory not bound together by beliefs or cultures

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21
Q

4 purposes/functions of government?

Study These Flashcards
A

E- economic decisions
S- social order
P- public services
N- national security

22
Q

Examples of governments 4 purposes?

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A

E- government spending
S- courts
P- education
N- military

23
Q

2 political systems?

Study These Flashcards
A

Authoritarian

Democracy

24
What's a parliamentary democracy?
Parliament selects a minister Can be removed through vote Unlimited # of terms
25
Definition of Presidential democracy?
People choose a president President can be removed through vote Limited # of terms
26
Which applies to the U.S.A.? Presidential democracy Or Parliamentary democracy
Presidential democracy
27
What are the 3 forms of government?
Federal- power is shared Unitary- central govt. holds power Confederate- local govt. holds power
28
``` Which applies to the U.S.A? Federal Confederate Or Unitary ```
Federal
29
What are the 6 types of government?
``` Monarchy- hereditary (2 types) Anarchy- lack of govt. Dictatorship- power through force Democracy- power to people (2types) Oligarchy- power to a group or elite; Self appointed group Totalitarian- has total power over lives; power through fear ```
30
2 types of monarchies?
Absolute- unlimited power Constitutional- monarch=head of state Legislature makes the public policies
31
2 types of democracies?
Representative- legislature represents citizens & are elected by the people Direct- people make more decision in govt. by voting on issues individually
32
What type of government does U.S.A. have?
Representative democracy
33
5 characteristics of Free-Enterprise System?
1. Private property- citizens own and sell land as they wish 2. Economic decisions- citizens choose how to spend their money and who to work for & businesses decide what to sell & for how much 3. Economic participation- free market- buyers & sellers buy & sell as wished 4. Competition- supply & demand; competition is driven by profit 5. Individual choices- citizens improve standard of living by making money & good choices
34
Definition of supply?
of goods/services
35
Definition of demand?
Buyers desires | Ability to purchase goods/services
36
What is price determined by?
Supply & demand
37
5 roles of govt. in our economy?
``` P- provide goods/services: Roads, aid during disasters E- enforce competition: Don't allow monopolies R- redistribute income: Financial assistance (Medicare, welfare, social security) P- protect consumer: Protect from false advertising/ Harmful products S- stabilize economy: Prevent economic depression & Unemployment ```
38
Definition of trade-off?
2nd choice | Choice you have up to fulfill other choice
39
Definition of a want?
Way of expressing a need
40
Definition of need?
Basic requirement for living
41
5 basic requirements for living?
``` Air Food Water Shelter Clothing ```
42
Definition of economics?
How society satisfies peoples wants and needs with careful use of scares resources
43
When does scarcity happen?
When we have unlimited wants and needs and a limited amount if resources to satisfy them
44
What are the 4 factors of production?
``` C- capital: Machines, money, investments E- entrepreneurs: Business owners L- land: Such as farmland, forests, caves, etc. L- labor: Workers, your parents, you, me, etc. ```
45
4 economic systems?
Traditional Mixed Command Market
46
What's a traditional economy?
Economic activity is done out of tradition or custom Ex. Farming, native Americans
47
What is mixed economy?
Traits from 2 or more of the different types of economies mashed into 1 Private ownership consumers, producers, and govt. Work together to decide needs and wants Ex. Democracy (like U.S.A.)
48
Definition of command economy?
Govt. Controls, divides, and makes decisions about resources Ex. Communism (like china or Cuba)
49
Definition of market economy?
Supply, demand, and prices help people make decisions and divide resources Ex. Democracy (like Japan or Germany)
50
What are the 3 choices consumers, workers, and entrepreneurs have in capitalism?
What to make, buy, or sell Where they work Make investments
51
What does free-enterprise lead to?
Invention and innovation and scientific and technological decisions
52
What does competition help do?
Keep prices low and quality high
53
What's a monopoly?
When 1 business has exclusive control of a market or service and can manipulate prices They destroy competition

Honors Government (2 decks)

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