unit test

Question 1

what term referts to all of the alleles in all of the individuals in a population

Answer 1

gene pool

Question 2

is an example of a prezygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation

Answer 2

habitat isolation

Question 3

Fossil record

Answer 3

sequence in which fossils appear matches the sequence in which they would be expected to have evolved

Question 4

Biogeography

Answer 4

past and present geographical distribution of species/populations. Evidence for how and when evolution occurred

Question 5

Embryology

Answer 5

similarities in embryo development point to a common ancestor

Question 6

Anatomy

Answer 6

homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures.

Question 7

Molecular Biology

Answer 7

DNA (similarities among species lends very strong support for the process of evolution

Question 8

mechanisms of microevolution, and what five things make it

Answer 8

The change in percentages or frequencies of alleles within the population. These are the same events that lend to evolution within a population
Make macroevolution occur
Mutation
Gene flow (migration)
Non-random mating
Genetic drift
Natural selection

Question 9

natural selection

Answer 9

In the process by which characteristics of a population change over many generations organisms with certain traits survive specific environmental conditions and pass these traits on to their offspring

Question 10

Stabilizing selection:

Answer 10

intermediate phenotypes and acts against extreme variants. Reduces variation and improves adaptation when environmental conditions are stable EXAMPLE: conditions are stable

Question 11

Directional selection

Answer 11

favors the phenotypes at one extreme over the other. The direction curve of phenotypes shifts in the direction of the extreme EXAMPLE: Peppered moths (shift to dark)

Question 12

Disruptive selection

Answer 12

Favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes. Can result in the elimination of intermediate phenotypes EXAMPLE: mature mal coho salmon

Question 13

Sexual Selection

Answer 13

involves the competition between males through combat or visual displays

Question 14

Genetic drift

Answer 14

random change in genetic variation from generation to generation due to change, more common in small population frequencies of alleles change EXAMPLE: flip 10 coins vs. 10000

Question 15

Founder effects:

Answer 15

few individuals from a large population leave to establish a new population. Carry some but not all alleles from the original population EXAMPLE: Amish in Pennsylvania

Question 16

Bottleneck effect

Answer 16

starvation disease natural disasters and severe weather can quickly reduce the size of a large population. The Gene pool loses diversity.

Question 17

Gene flow

Answer 17

the net movement of alleles from one population to another as a result of the migration of individuals. May change allele frequencies in one population or both EXAMPLE: grey wolves

Question 18

Random mating

Answer 18

individuals on population select mates based on preferred phenotype or due to inbreeding EXAMPLE: caribou females prefer dominant males

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

Randomly introduce new alleles into the population. Changes in allele frequencies EXAMPLE: Norway rats

Question 20

antibiotic resistance

Answer 20

occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials