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unit test 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Heat energy

Thermal energy is the energy that comes from the temperature of matter.

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2
Q

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, only changed into other kinds of energy.

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3
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

The study of thermal energy.

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4
Q

Define thermal equilibrium.

A

Two objects that don’t transfer heat to each other.

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5
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A

If two things are the same temperature as a third thing, they are also the same temperature as each other.

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6
Q

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only changed into other kinds of energy.

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7
Q

What does the second law of thermodynamics explain?

A

Things naturally go from order to disorder (entropy), and energy spreads out.

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8
Q

What is the third law of thermodynamics?

A

As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin), its entropy approaches a minimum value — usually zero.

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9
Q

What is heat defined as?

A

Atoms in motion.

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10
Q

What is the heat source?

A

The hotter item in a heat transfer.

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11
Q

What is the heat sink?

A

The item receiving heat.

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12
Q

Define radiation in terms of heat.

A

Heat that travels through space and air.

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13
Q

What is radiant heat?

A

Heat that moves through empty space.

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14
Q

What is convection?

A

Heat that transfers in fluids.

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15
Q

What causes a sea breeze?

A

The land heats up faster than the water, causing air over the land to rise and cooler air from over the water to move in.

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16
Q

What causes a land breeze?

A

The land cools down faster than the water, making the air over the sea warmer and rise, so cooler air from the land moves in.

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17
Q

Define conduction.

A

When the heat source and sink are connected through matter.

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18
Q

What is combustion?

A

The chemical process of fire burning.

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19
Q

What is the fire triangle?

A

The three things needed to create fire: Heat, Fuel, Oxygen.

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20
Q

How is temperature measured?

A

By the amount of energy something has.

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21
Q

What is Fahrenheit?

A

USA measurement of temperature.

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22
Q

What is Celsius?

A

How most of the world measures temperature.

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23
Q

What is Kelvin?

A

How scientists measure temperature.

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24
Q

Define thermal expansion.

A

When things heat up, they expand.

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25
What is nuclear fusion?
The joining of hydrogen atoms.
26
How does nuclear fusion work?
Hydrogen nuclei join together to form helium atoms and release a lot of energy in the process.
27
What is radiant light?
When light radiates (spreads out).
28
What is the speed of light?
186,000 miles per second.
29
What is incandescent light?
Light created from heat.
30
What is a filament?
A fragile thread-like strand.
31
What metal is best used to conduct electricity?
Tungsten.
32
What is a light-emitting diode (LED)?
A semiconductor.
33
Define opaque.
When light can't travel through an object.
34
What does transparent/translucent mean?
When light can travel through an object.
35
What is a shadow?
When an opaque object blocks light.
36
What is electromagnetic energy?
Energy that travels in waves, like light, radio signals, and X-rays.
37
What is the colour spectrum?
All the colours in the world.
38
What is the visible spectrum?
The colours you see.
39
What is the invisible spectrum?
The colours you can’t see.
40
What does a prism do?
Bends (or refracts) light and can split white light into a rainbow of colours.
41
What is ultraviolet light?
Light we can't see with the naked eye because the frequency is too high.
42
What is infrared?
Has shorter wavelengths and generates heat.
43
Why does the sky appear blue?
Sunlight hits the air and gets scattered; blue light scatters more than other colours.
44
What are the two sets of primary colours?
* Light: Red, Green, Blue * Paint: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow.
45
What does reflective mean in terms of light?
The property of light that makes it bounce off things.
46
What is the angle of incidence?
The direction when light hits something.
47
Define refraction.
The bending of light.
48
What is sound?
A vibration.
49
How do sound waves travel?
Through air, water, or solids.
50
What is an echo?
Sound bounces back, so you hear it a second time.
51
To conduct means to _______.
[Lead something from one place to another].
52
Through which medium does sound travel best?
Solids.
53
What is the speed of sound in air?
760 miles per hour (Mach 1).
54
What is supersonic speed?
Anything that travels faster than Mach 1.
55
What is Mach 2?
Twice as fast as the speed of sound.
56
What is a sonic boom?
A loud sound that happens when something moves faster than sound, creating a shock wave.
57
How is frequency measured?
Through Hertz.
58
What is infrasound?
A sound that is 20 hertz or less and can't be heard by humans.
59
What is ultrasound?
When the frequency is too high to hear.
60
What does pitch describe?
The sound you hear.
61
What is timbre?
The quality of sound.
62
What is sonar?
Sound Navigation and Ranging; uses sound waves to detect objects, measure distances, and map surroundings in water and air.
63
What is bioacoustic?
The study of sound made by wildlife.
64
What is amplitude?
The height of the wave.
65
What are decibels?
A unit to measure how loud or soft a sound is.

unit test 5 (1 decks)

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