Unit Two

Question 1

Hydrolysis

Answer 1

a water molecule is consumed to break covalent bonds

Question 2

pyruvate

Answer 2

found in both plant and animal cells

Question 3

Ribose

Answer 3

five carbon sugar

Question 4

alpha d glucose

Answer 4

six carbon sugar, carbon 1 has a downward facing carboxyl group

Question 5

beta d glucose

Answer 5

six carbon sugar, carbon 1 has an upward carboxyl

Question 6

enzyme

Answer 6

Protein, catalyzes a reaction without being used up in the reaction (interacts not reacts)

Question 7

catalyst

Answer 7

something that speeds up a reaction, wont cause a reaction that wouldn’t naturally occur without said catalyst

Question 8

phospholipid

Answer 8

• has a phosphate group, 2 fatty acid chains and a glycerol backbone.
• made up of C O H and P
• its ‘head’ is a hydrophobic & non polar phosphate group

Question 9

triglyceride

Answer 9

• fats and oils
• C O and H
• hydrophobic & non-polar
  -glycerol, hydroxyl group and three fatty acid chains

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

• constructive metabolism
• synthesis of complex molecules

Question 11

Lactose

Answer 11

• found in animal milk
• disaccharide
• glucose + galactose

Question 12

Monosaccharide

Answer 12

• building blocks of carbohydrates
• 3, 5 and 6 carbon sugars
• ex: glucose

Question 13

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Answer 13

a fatty acid chain with at least one double bond between carbons

Question 14

BMI Equation

Answer 14

Weight (KG) / Height^2 (M)

Question 15

glycogen

Answer 15

• found in animal livers
• alpha d glucose with 1,4 & 1,6 linkages
• BRANCHED

Question 16

cellulose

Answer 16

• structural, found in plants
• made up of beta d glucoses
• only 1,4 linkages
• unbranched

Question 17

Starch

Answer 17

has two forms, amylose and amylopectin

Question 18

Amylose

Answer 18

• made up of alpha glucose
• 1,4 linkages only (unbranched)

Question 19

Amylopectin

Answer 19

• alpha glucose
• 1,4 and 1,6 linkages (Branched)

Question 20

Amino Acid

Answer 20

Nitrogen surrounded with an R group, a carboxyl and an amine group

Question 21

Denaturation

Answer 21

A structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties

Question 22

Proteome

Answer 22

The unique set of proteins produces by an individual

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

Are kinda wack

Question 24

Globular Proteins

Answer 24

spherical and water soluble

Question 25

linear proteins

Answer 25

linear and non soluable

Question 26

Substrate

Answer 26

What’s being fit into and synthesized by an enzyme

Question 27

Active site

Answer 27

The location on an enzyme that synthesizes the substrate.

Question 28

metabolism

Answer 28

the sum of all enzyme mediated reactions in cells [M=A+C]

Question 29

anabolism

Answer 29

part of metabolism using condensation reactions Ex: photosynthesis and DNA replication

Question 30

catabolism

Answer 30

- breakdown part of metabolism - releases energy - Ex: digestion and cell respiration

Question 31

monosaccharides

Answer 31

building blocks of carbohydrates

Question 32

amino acid

Answer 32

building blocks of proteins

Question 33

nucleotides

Answer 33

building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 34

lipids

Answer 34

not a polymer, build from fatty acids

Question 35

Carbohydrates

Answer 35

- water soluble and polar molecules - classified according to complexity

Question 36

saturated fatty acids

Answer 36

fatty acids with the max number of hydrogen; no double bonded carbon atoms

Question 37

saturated fatty acids

Answer 37

- solid at room temp - straight molecule - no double bonded carbon

Question 38

monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 38

- has one double bond in a fatty acid chain - kink at the fatty acid

Question 39

polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 39

- at least two carbon bonds in the carbons of a fatty acid chain - liquid at room temp - very bendy

Question 40

Hydrogenation

Answer 40

process by which cis and trans fatty acids are formed

Question 41

cis fatty acid

Answer 41

- unsaturated fatty acids - hydrogen bonds are on the same side of a double bond - kinked

Question 42

trans fatty acid

Answer 42

- unsaturated fatty acids - manufactured in a lab - hydrogen bonds are on the opposite sides of double carbon bonds - straight chain - tres mal.

Question 43

Esther Linkage

Answer 43

the linkage of glycerol to the fatty acid chains via the hydroxyl group

Question 44

Proteins

Answer 44

- made of C H O N and sometimes S - vary based on the sequence of amino acids - the creation is moderated by DNA coding

Question 45

Rubisco

Answer 45

protein functioning in phot synthesis

Question 46

hemoglobin

Answer 46

protein that transports oxygen around the body

Question 47

immunoglobulins

Answer 47

antibodies (protective function of proteins)

Question 48

Actin + Myosin

Answer 48

contractive proteins in muscles

Question 49

collegen

Answer 49

connective tissue

Question 50

insulin

Answer 50

regulates glucose levels

Question 51

rhodopsin

Answer 51

allows for sight

Question 52

Activation Energy

Answer 52

energy needed to trigger the formation of new bonds