unit two

Question 1

1. Albany Congress/Plan (1754)

Answer 1

The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. On July 10, 1754, representatives from seven of the British North American colonies adopted the plan. Although never carried out, the Albany Plan was the first important proposal to conceive of the colonies as a collective whole united under one government.

Question 2

c. Battle of Quebec (1759)

Answer 2

On September 13, 1759, during the Seven Years’ War (1756-63), a worldwide conflict known in the United States as the French and Indian War, the British under General James Wolfe (1727-59) achieved a dramatic victory when they scaled the cliffs over the city of Quebec, defeating the French forces under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm (1712-59) on the Plains of Abraham.

Question 3

9. Declaratory Act (1766)

Answer 3

in parliament assembled, had, hash, and of right ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever.

That all resolutions, votes, orders, and proceedings, in any of the said colonies or plantations, whereby the power and authority of the parliament of Great Britain, to make laws and statutes as aforesaid, is denied, or drawn into question, are, and are hereby declared to be, utterly null and void to all intents and purposes whatsoever.

Question 4

10. Townshend Acts (1767)

Answer 4

Taxes on glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea were applied with the design of raising £40,000 a year for the administration of the colonies. The result was the resurrection of colonial hostilities created by the Stamp Act.
Reaction assumed revolutionary proportions in Boston, in the summer of 1768, when customs officials impounded a sloop owned by John Hancock, for violations of the trade regulations.

Question 5

12. Gaspee Affair (1772)

Answer 5

a local vessel out of Newport was under way to Providence when its captain baited the HMS Gaspee and led Duddington into shallow waters near Warwick. The Gaspee ran aground at a place that is now known as Gaspee Point. News of the grounding quickly reached Providence and a party of fifty-five, led by a man named John Brown, planned an attack on the ship. The following evening they surrounded and boarded the Gaspee, wounding Duddington and capturing the entire crew. All were hauled ashore and abandoned, to watch as the Gaspee was looted and then burned.

Question 6

13. Committees of Correspondence

Answer 6

were shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.

Question 7

15. Intolerable/Coercive Acts

Answer 7

British merchants had lost huge sums of money on looted, spoiled, and destroyed goods shipped to the colonies. The revenue generated by the Townshend duties, in 1770, amounted to less than £21,000.

Question 8

Suffolk Resolves

Answer 8

was a declaration made on September 9, 1774 by the leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, of which Boston is the major city. The declaration rejected the Massachusetts Government Act and resolved on a boycott of imported goods from Britain unless the Intolerable Acts were repealed.

Question 9

Declaration of Rights & Grievances

Answer 9

written by the Stamp Act Congress and passed on October 19, 1765. It declared that taxes imposed on British colonists without their formal consent were unconstitutional.

Question 10

32. Mount Vernon Conference (1785)

Answer 10

At the Mount Vernon Conference in 1785 delegates from Virginia and Maryland came to George Washington’s home to discuss an economic issue involving their shared border.

he Mount Vernon Conference really shows the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, it also sets the precedent for meetings between states that take place outside of the central government.
The success of the Mount Vernon Conference also made a push for a stronger national government.

Question 11

33. Annapolis Convention (1786)

Answer 11

The Annapolis Convention was a meeting in 1786 in Annapolis, Maryland. At the conference delegates unanimously called for a constitutional convention.

The Annapolis Convention set the precedent for the continental convention, and some of the ideas brought up at the convention would later be used at the constitutional congress.

Question 12

35. Treaty of Greenville (1794)

Answer 12

It ended the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country and limited strategic parcels of land to the north and west.
with indians losing more land but abiding to the terms, and white settlers gaining more land and disrespecting/abusing the treaty.

Question 13

• Alien & Sedition Acts

Answer 13

were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote.

Question 14

• Henry Knox

Answer 14

Henry Knox was a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War from 1789–1794

Question 15

• John Hancock

Answer 15

King of the Smugglers; Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Question 16

• Sam Adams

Answer 16

Massachusetts Revolutionary leader and propagandist who organized opposition to British policies after 1764; radical member of Sons of Liberty, worried that violence of group would discredit it; proposed united plea for repeal of Townshend Duties and another pan-colonial congress; circulated his own exaggerated version of events around colonies

Question 17

• Alexander Hamilton

Answer 17

an author of the Federalist Papers, a champion of the Constitution and the first secretary of the Treasury, where he helped found the first national bank, the U.S. Mint and a tax collection bureau that would later become the U.S. Coast Guard.

Question 18

Some historians have argued that the American Revolution was not revolutionary in nature. Support, modify, or refute this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answers.

Answer 18

refute

• concept
• actions

concepts

   - Going against the greatest military force on the planet, fighting for their rights, liberty, and representation. 
   - After Battle of Saratoga, France joined in the war effort. 
   - Battle of Trenton, morale booster that encouraged an army that lost numerous battles and over 2000 men due to diseases and malnutrition. 
   - British Commander William Howe, offered peace(royal pardon) by submission, Continental Congress refuted it, British troops 32000, Washington troops 19000 poorly trained troops. 
   - the concept of the ideology the revolutionaries were fighting for led to the defeat of the unbreakable empire. 

Actions

- The unification of the colonies led to the progress to freedom, 
- Boston Massacre, Lexington and Concord 
 - Battle of Bunkerhill, and Yorktown 
- Continental congress, Declaration of Independence,
 - Articles of Confederation, no executive branch, morals and methods totally different then Britain's.

Question 19

Evaluate the extent to which the Constitution marked a turning point in American history, analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the Constitution to the period immediately after it.

Answer 19

claim

• the powers
• distribution of equal representation

-the powers
3.)Taxes
Articles: Apportioned by Congress, collected by the states
Constitution: Laid and collected by Congress
4.)Army
Articles: Congress to decide on size of force and to requisition troops from each state according to population
Constitution: Congress authorized to raise and support armies
5.)Ratification
Articles: Unanimous consent required
Constitution: Consent of nine states required

-Distribution of equal representation.
1.) Legislature
Articles: Unicameral, called Congress
Constitution: Bicameral, called Congress, divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate
2.)Executive
Articles: None
Constitution: President
5.)Adjudicator of disputes between states
Articles: Congress
Constitution: Supreme Court
-checks and balances
- population by representation, and representation equally.