Unit Two Test

Question 1

Ecosystem Diversity

Answer 1

The number of different habitats available in a given area

Question 2

Species Diversity

Answer 2

The number of different species in an ecosystem and the balance of the population

Question 3

Genetic Diversity

Answer 3

How different the genes are of individuals within population

Question 4

Richness

Answer 4

Total number of different species found in an ecosystem

Question 5

Evenness

Answer 5

Measure of how all the individual organisms in an ecosystem are balanced between different species

Question 6

Bottleneck Event

Answer 6

Disutrbance/Disaster that drastically reduces population, size, and skills of organisms

Question 7

What is inbreeding depression?

Answer 7

When organisms mate with closely related family members

Question 8

Ecosystem Resillience

Answer 8

An ecosystem returns to it’s original conditions after a major disturbance

Question 9

Ecological Range of Tolerance

Answer 9

Range of conditions that an organism can endure before injury or death

Question 10

What is optimal range?

Answer 10

When an organisms survive, grow, and reproduce

Question 11

Zone of physiological stress

Answer 11

Organisms survive but with stressors like infertility, lack of growth, and decreased activity levels

Question 12

Zone of intolerance

Answer 12

Organisms will die

Question 13

What are limiting factors?

Answer 13

Soil, freshwater lakes and rivers, bays and estuaries

Question 14

Specialists

Answer 14

smaller range of tolerance or narrower ecological niche makes them more prone to extinction

Question 15

What are examples of specialists?

Answer 15

specific food requirements and decreased ability to adapt to new conditions

Question 16

Generalists

Answer 16

larger range of tolerance, borader nniche makes them less prone to extinction and more likely to be invasive

Question 17

What are examples of generalists?

Answer 17

broader food requirements and higher adaptability

Question 18

Quality

Answer 18

k-selected species

Question 19

Quantity

Answer 19

r-selected species

Question 20

Examples of k-selected species

Answer 20

fewer offspring, reproduce multiple times, long lifespan, change of invasives

Question 21

Examples of r-selected species

Answer 21

many offspring, may reproduce, shorter life span, more likely to be invasive, rapidly changing

Question 22

Survivorship Curve

Answer 22

line that shows survival rate of cohort in a population from birth to dead

Question 23

Type 1 is mostly

Answer 23

k selected species

Question 24

Type 2 is mostly

Answer 24

in between r and k

Question 25

Type 3 is mostly

Answer 25

r selected

Question 26

Biotic Potential

Answer 26

exponential growth maximum and potential growth rate with no limiting resources

Question 27

Logistic Growth

Answer 27

initial rapid growth

Question 28

Size (N)

Answer 28

total number in a given area at a given time

Question 29

Density

Answer 29

number of individual in a given area

Question 30

Distribution

Answer 30

individual population are spaced out compared to each other

Question 31

Sex Ratio

Answer 31

ratio of males to females

Question 32

What factors increase population growth?

Answer 32

higher TFR, higher birth rate, increased access to clean water, healthcare

Question 33

What factors decrease population growth?

Answer 33

higher death rate, increased education in women, delayed age of first child

Question 34

Biome

Answer 34

large area with similar climate conditions that determine plant and animal species there

Question 35

Ecosystem

Answer 35

all living and non living things in an area

Question 36

Symbosis

Answer 36

any close and long term interaction between two organisms of different species

Question 37

Mutualism

Answer 37

organisms of different species living close together in a way that benefits both

Question 38

Commensalism

Answer 38

relationship that benefits one organisms and doesn't impact the other

Question 39

Trophic Cascade

Answer 39

removal or addition of a top predator has a ripple effect down through lower trophic levels

Question 40

Tertiary Consumers

Answer 40

animals that eat secondary consumers or carnivores and omnivores

Question 41

Secondary Consumers

Answer 41

animals that eat primary consumers or herbivores

Question 42

Primary Consumers

Answer 42

animals that eat plants

Question 43

Producers

Answer 43

really convent sun's light energy into chemical energy

Question 44

Ecosystem Services

Answer 44

goods that come from natural resources

Question 45

Provisioning

Answer 45

goods taken directly from ecosystems like fish, hunting, berries

Question 46

Regulating

Answer 46

natural ecosystems regulate climate/air quality like trees

Question 47

Supporting

Answer 47

natural ecosystems support process we do ourselves making them cheaper and easier like wetland plant roots or insects pollinating

Question 48

Cultural

Answer 48

money generated by recreation like paying to enter state parks or paying for a fishing license

Question 49

Salinity

Answer 49

the amount of salt in a body of water

Question 50

Flow

Answer 50

determines which plants and organisms can survive and how much O2 can dissolve into the water

Question 51

Depth

Answer 51

influences how much sunlight can penetrate and reach plants below surface for photosynthesis

Question 52

Temperature

Answer 52

warmer water holds less dissolved O2

Question 53

Natural Disturbance

Answer 53

a natural event that disrupts the structure/function of an ecosystem

Question 54

Periodic

Answer 54

occurs with regular frequency like dry-wet seasons

Question 55

Episodic

Answer 55

occasional events with irregular frequencies like hurricanes, droughts, and fires

Question 56

Random

Answer 56

no regular frequencies like earthquakes, volcanoes, and asteroids

Question 57

Natural Climate Change

Answer 57

earth's climate has varied over geological time for numerous reasons

Question 58

Migration

Answer 58

wildlife may migrate to a new habitat as the result of natural disruptions

Question 59

Natural Selection

Answer 59

organisms that are better adapted to their environment

Question 60

Evolution

Answer 60

the environment an organisms lives in determines which traits are adaptions

Question 61

Pace of Evolution

Answer 61

the more rapidly an environment changes, the less likely a species in the environment will adapt to those changes

Question 62

Primary Succession

Answer 62

starts from bare rock in an area with no previous soil formation

Question 63

Secondary Succession

Answer 63

starts from already established soil

Question 64

Invasive Species

Answer 64

species not native to an area