Unit Two Test

Question 1

eliminate or create freedom from disease-causing microorganisms

Answer 1

asepsis

Question 2

what is the goal of asepsis

Answer 2

to prevent or reduce your exposure to a disease

Question 3

known as the clean technique

Answer 3

medical asepsis

Question 4

known as the sterile technique

Answer 4

surgical asepsis

Question 5

what is the purpose of asepsis

Answer 5

to prevent or reduce the transfer of microbes/pathogens from one person/surface to another

Question 6

what are the 5 moments of hand hygiene

Answer 6

before touching patient
before clean/aseptic procedure
after body fluid exposure risk
after touching patient 
after touching patients surroundings

Question 7

what is the single MOST important action for preventing infections

Answer 7

hand washing

Question 8

what does the absence of hygiene as a HCW do

Answer 8

becomes progressively colonized with commensal flora, the longer the duration between washing your hands the higher degree of contamination

Question 9

of the 2 million hospital acquired infections, how many patients die each year

Answer 9

90,000

Question 10

what hand hygiene choice should be chosen for visibly dirty, contaminated, or soiled hands

Answer 10

antimicrobial soap and water

Question 11

if hands are clean when you look at them what hand hygiene can be chosen

Answer 11

alcohol-based gel

Question 12

what is the efficacy of hand hygiene (time related) in killing bacteria

Answer 12

plain soap=good
antimicrobial soap=better
alcohol hand rub= best

Question 13

why do gloves not fully protect you

Answer 13

they have microscopic openings and they easily tear as well

Question 14

what is the patients role in hand hygiene

Answer 14

just as responsible for hand hygiene especially before eating, after restroom

Question 15

what is the directional rule of thumb

Answer 15

cleanest to dirtiest

Question 16

bacteria or virus that produces an illness by invading you or patient and once inside body it multiplies and invades body tissues

Answer 16

infection

Question 17

why should you worry about an infection

Answer 17

it is one of the leading causes of death

Question 18

infection occurs when

Answer 18

an organism enters a body site and multiplies causing clinical signs and symptoms of disease

Question 19

colonization occurs when

Answer 19

a patient has an organism (MRSE) in or on a body site but has no clinical signs or symptoms of disease

Question 20

HAI’s=

Answer 20

nosocomial

Question 21

what are the 5 different infections that are health care associated (HAI’s)

Answer 21

hospital acquired
community acquired
exogenous
endogenous
iatrogenic

Question 22

infection developed while patient is hospitalized that was not present before

Answer 22

hospital acquired

Question 23

infection patient has prior to being hospitalized (flu)

Answer 23

community acquired

Question 24

comes from organism outside of body and does not normally exist in a bodies flora (tetanus, std)

Answer 24

exogenous

Question 25

floating inside a persons body all the time but isn't going to show unless patient is really ill (D-diff, E.coli)

Answer 25

endogenous

Question 26

infection that comes as a result from a diagnosis or therapeutic procedure such as knee replacement, catheter, ventilator

Answer 26

iatrogenic

Question 27

defined to one spot you can see it or might not

Answer 27

localized

Question 28

typically in the blood stream

Answer 28

systemic

Question 29

what are the defense systems

Answer 29

normal flora, body systems, inflammatory response

Question 30

what are the stages of infection

Answer 30

incubation stage, prodromal stage, illness (acute) stage, convalescence stage

Question 31

pathogen introduced and might see begins of first signs and symptoms

Answer 31

incubation stage

Question 32

signs and symptoms become a little more specific and begin to be contagious

Answer 32

prodromal stage

Question 33

full blown signs and symptoms (acute stage)

Answer 33

illness stage

Question 34

signs and symptoms start to dissipate and not be contagious at this point

Answer 34

condolescence stage

Question 35

the spread of infectious agents requires what 4 basic elements (chain of infection)

Answer 35

1. infectious agent thriving in a reservoir (pathogenicity/virulence) 2. portals of exit and entry 3. mode of transmission or method of transfer 4. susceptible host

Question 36

pathogen to produce that disease or illness

Answer 36

pathogenicity

Question 37

number of organisms needed to kill or harm the host

Answer 37

virulence

Question 38

what are the 5 infectious agents

Answer 38

``` viruses bacteria fungus (ringworm) protozoan (parasites0 helminths (worms) ```

Question 39

reside on skin

Answer 39

resident

Question 40

transferred very easily in the absence of hygiene or sharing of objects

Answer 40

transient

Question 41

any natural setting where growth or reproduction of an infectious agent can occur

Answer 41

reservoir

Question 42

who is a susceptible host

Answer 42

``` immunocompromised aged or the very young trauma/surgery indwelling device poorly oxygenated skin, mucous membrane breaks ```