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Unit VI terms > UNIT VI TERMS > Flashcards

UNIT VI TERMS Flashcards

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1
Q

World war I

A

war fought mainly in Europe between the central powers and the Allies

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2
Q

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

A

heir to Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started WWI

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3
Q

Triple Alliance

A

alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century

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4
Q

Central Powers

A

counter alliance to triple entente powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

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5
Q

Total War

A

military conflict where contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

loyalty and devotion to one’s nation that intensified European rivalries and independence movements pre-WWI

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7
Q

Self Determination

A

right of people in a region to choose their own political system and its leaders

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8
Q

Propaganda

A

info, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or pov

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9
Q

Armenians in Turkey

A

ethnic minority that was attacked and slaughtered by the Young Turk leaders who sought to transfer blame after setbacks on the Russian

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10
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A

a secret communication from the german foreign office that proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico if the US entered the war

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11
Q

Lenin and bolsheviks

A

russians and their leader that lead the Russian revolution

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12
Q

Bolshevik communist state

A

seized power and destroyed the tradition of tsarist rule and turned the government into communist-style

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13
Q

Global war

A

war that involves most of the principal nations of the world

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14
Q

treaty of versailles

A

peace document signed at the end of WWI by Allied powers and Germany

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15
Q

League of nations

A

international diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI

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16
Q

Fourteen Points

A

declaration by US President Woodrow Wilson outlining his proposals for a postwar peace settlement

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17
Q

Mandate System

A

system established to administer former territories of the German and Ottoman empire

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18
Q

Totalianarism

A

system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state

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19
Q

Facism

A

way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government

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20
Q

Nuremberg laws

A

placed severe restrictions on Jews, prohibited them from marrying non0Jews, attending school, holding government jobs, etc.

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21
Q

Kristallnacht

A

(Night of the broken glass) mobs throughout Germany destroyed jewish property and terrorized them

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22
Q

New Economic Plan

A

initiated by Lenin: combined the state establishing basic economic policies with individual initiative: allowed food production to recover

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23
Q

Five-Year Plan

A

introduced by Stalin to industrialize the Soviet union rapidly

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24
Q

New deal

A

US’ response to great depression: experimental combinations of reforms to start seeking economic growth

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25
Porfirio Diaz
elected president of MX in 1876: imposed strong central government
26
Emiliano Zapata
Mexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerilla movement: removed Diaz from power
27
Lazaro Cardenas
President of MX: responsible for distribution of land: began program of primary and rural education
28
Turkish Nationalist Movement
revolutionary movement in Turkey that fought to oust Allied Powers
29
Axis Powers
the alignment of nations that fought in WWII against Allied forces (germany)
30
Yalta Conference
meeting between the US, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union during WWII: agreed Germany would be divided into 4 post-war occupation zones
31
Potsdam conference
final wartime meeting between US, Britain and Soviet Union
32
Truman Doctrine
established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces
33
Marshall plan
large scale American program to aid Europe: US gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after WWII
34
Warsaw Pact
mutual defense treaty between 8 communist states of eastern Europe during Cold War
35
Proxy Wars
local or regional wars in which the superpowers armed, trained and financed combatants
36
May Fourth Movement
popular 1919 uprising in China against Japanese interference and for Western-style government that featured intellectuals and students
37
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen
leader of Chinese revolutionaries who overthrew the Qing Dynasty and establish the Republic of China
38
CCP (Chinese communist party)
headed by Mao Zedong
39
Kuomintang
China's nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles
40
Long March
6,000 miles historic retreat of Chinese communists
41
Great Leap Forward
economic policy that proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities
42
cultural revolution
chaotic mass movement in China, to combat capitalist tendencies: claimed elitist were undermining the government and society
43
Deng Xiaoping
communist leader who took power after Mao Zedong
44
Amsitsar
city where amritsar massacre took place: turning point toward independence in India
45
Salt March
passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt
46
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
muslim nationalist in India: 1st president of Pakistan
47
Jawaharlal Nehru
indian statesman: became india's 1st prime minister
48
Gamal Abdel Nasser
egyptian colonel and statesman that led coup against monarchy
49
Suez Crisis
military attacks on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel in 1956 after Egypt seized the Suez Canal from British admin
50
Iranian Revolution
the overthrow of Shah Reza Pahlavi as a reaction in part to the modernization of the nation based on the west
51
Kwame Nkrumah
ghanian nationalist leader who led the Gold Coast's drive for independence from Britain
52
FLN (National Liberation Front)
radical nationalist movement in Algeria
53
Biafran Civil War
Civil war fought between the government of Nigeria and the now Republic of Biafra
54
Pan-Africanism
the principle or advocacy of the political union of all indigenous inhabirtants of Africa
55
Negritude
literary movement in Africa: attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture
56
Idi Amin of Uganda
violent dictator in Uganda
57
Balfour Declaration
public pledge by Britain declaring its aim to establish a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine
58
PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)
nationalist political and militant organization with the intial purpose of establishing Arab unity and statehood over Palestine
59
Pan-Arabism
the principle or advocacy of political alliance or union of all arab states
60
Augusto Pinochet
chilean military leader who deposed Salvador Allende in a coup
61
Neocolonism
industrialized nations continued dominance of the world's economy
62
dollar ddiplomacy
a policy that controlled foreign markets peacefully by investing heavily in companies instead of forcefully controlling them
63
Good neighbor policy
made by FDR to repair the US' relationships with Latin America by helping a country gain economic stability then leaving a police force
64
Sandinistas
members of a leftist coalition that attempted to install a socialist economy: overthrew Anatasia Somoza in Nicaragua
65
PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)
political party that dominated Mexico's political life since 1929
66
Liberation Theology
combined Catholic theology and socialist principles in effort to bring abt improved conditions for the poor in Latin America
67
Cuban Missile Crisis
confrontation between US and Soviet over presence of missile sites in Cuba
68
Detente
a releasing of tensions: also a period of improved relations between Soviet Union and US
69
Richard Nixon
president of the US: ended arms race
70
Leonid Brezhnen
leader of Soviet Union during height of the cold war
71
economic liberation
free-market policy that became popular in the post-Cold War era, when countries' governments removed their own political control over their markets
72
Margaret Thatcher
conservative British prime minister: worked to cut welfare and housing expenses: promoted free enterprise
73
Ronald Reagan
40th president of the US
74
Mikhail Gorbachev
soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War: domestic policy introduced major reforms
75
Asian tigers
(hong kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and south Korea) called that bc of rapid economic growth during 2nd half of 20th century
76
European Economic Community
(Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) alliance dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs
77
IRA (Irish Republican army_
militant organization of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare to drive British forces from Netherlands and achieve independent Ireland
78
ETA (basque separatist movement)
terrorist organization by student activists who were dissatisfied with moderate nationals of traditional basque party
79
Arab Spring
democratic uprisings that arose independently and spread across Arab World in 2011
80
Apartheid
a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites
81
Nelson Mandela
11th president of South Africa: spearheaded struggle against apartheid
82
Tiananmen square
site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openess in 1989
83
Three Gorges Dam
world's largest dam in terms of water displacement flood control and power generation on Yangtze River, China
84
New World Order
new period of history evidencing dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power in international relations
85
Persian Gulf Wars
1991 War fought between a coalition led by the US and Iraq to free Kuwait from Iraqi invaders
86
Osama BIn Laden
founder of militant islamist organization al-Qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks on US and other western powers
87
Al-Qaeda
terrorist military organization composed of Islamic extremists and Salafist jihadists
88
Taliban
strict muslim group in Afghanistan that has imposed rigid rules on society
89
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi president: prime minister and head of armed forces
90
Bosnia
historic region in Southeast Europe: independent in 1992
91
Slobodan Milosevich
oversaw ethnic cleansing (genocide) in Yugoslavia/Bosnia in early 1990s
92
Rwandan Genocide
killing of more than 500,000 ethnic Tutsies by rival Hutu militias in Rwanda
93
darfur
province in West Sudan where Arab Sudanese displace and murdered the black Sudanese
94
IMF (International monetary fund)
agency founded in 1044 to help restore financial order in Europe and the rest of the world, to revive international trade, and to support the financial concerns of 3rd world governments
95
World Bank
a specialized agency of the UN that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion and debt consolidation
96
WTO (world trade organization(
monitors and enforces rules governing global trade
97
Mercsur
largest Latin American trade agreement
98
Greenpeace
an environmental organization founded in 1970 and dedicated to the preservation of earth's natural resources
99
Green Belt Movement
organized women in Kenya to plant trees to stop deforestation and soil erosion and provide more fuel for home cooking

Unit VI terms (2 decks)

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