Unit VIII Flashcards
Dietary Sources of potassium
- artichoke
- avocados
- bananas
- cantaloupe
- cassava
- dried fruits
- grapefruit
- honey dew
- jack fruit
- kiwi
- kohlrabi
- lima beans
- mango
- meats
- milk
- dried peas and beans
- nuts
- oranges/orange juice
- papaya
- peaches
- pears
- plantains
- pomegranate
- potatoes (white and sweet)
- prunes/prune juice
- pumpkin
- rhubarb
- salt substitute
- spinach
- sunflower seeds
- Swiss chard
- tomatoes/tomato juice
- vegetable juice
- winter squash
Dietary Sources of Sodium
- baking mixes (pancakes, muffins)
- barbecue sauce
- buttermilk
- butter/margarine
- canned chili
- canned seafood
- canned soups
- canned spaghetti sauce
- cured meats
- dry onion soup mix
- “fast” foods
- frozen dinners
- macaroni and cheese
- microwave dinners
- Parmesan cheese
- pickles
- potato salad
- pretzels, potato chips
- salad dressings (prepared)
- salt
- sauerkraut
- tomato ketchup
People who are more at risk for dehydration
Elderly Infants Pt's with an ileostomy Pt's with diabeties Pt's on diuretic therapy Pt's on long term NPO
Symptoms that put someone at risk for dehydration
Fever diarrhea Draining fistula or abscess Hemorrhage Profuse diaphoresis Systeic infection Vomiting
Normal lab values
My Pretty Kitty Can Climb Nicely Mg-1.6-2.2 Phos-2.5-4.5 K-3.5-5.3 Ca-8.2-10.2 Cl-97-107 Na-135-145
Normal ABG
PaCO2: 35-45
pH: 7.35-7.45
Bicarb (HCO3): 22-26
Normal Mg value:
1.6-2.2
Normal Phos Value:
2.5-4.5
Normal K value:
3.5-5.3
Normal Ca value:
8.2-10.2
Normal Na value:
135-145
Normal Cl value:
97-107
normal PaCO2 value:
35-45
Normal pH:
7.35-7.45
Normal Bicarb value (HCO3):
22-26
Factors that majorly affect acid pase balance:
If pt has a respiratory problem such as CPOD or Kidney problem
Patients who may need to be on fluid restrictions:
CHF
Renal failure or dialysis
Fluid retention/Hypervolemia
Hyponatremia
Considerations for patients on fluid restrictions:
Fluid must be monitored very closley.
It is very important that all members of the care team are aware of restrictions. Signage is very important
To assist in compliance, plan fluid spacing with the client
Remeber to incude all fluids ingested. Including the ones with meds
Maintaining fluid volume status for the elderly:
Fluid intake sheet
Urine specific gravity
Monitor for dry furroxed tonuge, mucous membranes, sunken eyes, confusion, and upper body muscle weakness
Regular bedridden elderly pt’s should be offered fluids regularly
Owing to the observation that medication time can be an important source of fluids, fluids should be encouraged at this time,
Why are eldery more at risk for FVD?
- baking mixes (pancakes, muffins)
- barbecue sauce
- buttermilk
- butter/margarine
- canned chili
- canned seafood
- canned soups
- canned spaghetti sauce
- cured meats
- dry onion soup mix
- “fast” foods
- frozen dinners
- macaroni and cheese
- microwave dinners
- Parmesan cheese
- pickles
- potato salad
- pretzels, potato chips
- salad dressings (prepared)
- salt
- sauerkraut
- tomato ketchup
Why are infants more at risk for FVD?
lose more fluid through skin, larger body surface area compared to their body weight, kidneys are not fully developed
S/S of FVD or Hypovolemia
Excessive thirst, dark urine, confusion, dizziness, fatuige, sticky or dry mucous membranes, skin tenting (poor turgor) Eyes appear sunken
S/S of FVO or Hypervolemia
Edema, rales or ceackles in the lungs, puffiness, CHF, Pulmonary edema, BP increases
Lasix
Is not potassium sparing
It is a diuretic therefore it can cause dehydration and hypokalemia
