Unit Zero

Question 1

Qualitative property

Answer 1

Information that describes color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic (relates to the five senses) (smooth, yellow, round)

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space and has mass
Particles of matter are always in motion
Kinetic energy (speed) of particles increases as temperature increases

Question 3

Solid

Answer 3

Motion of particles: tightly packed, not much movement, low KE
Shape: definite
Volume: definite

Question 4

Liquid

Answer 4

Motion of particles: moderately packed, medium movement/KE, can flow past each other
Shape: indefinite
Volume: definite

Question 5

Gas

Answer 5

Motion of particles: loosely packed, high movement/KE
Shape: indefinite
Volume: indefinite

Question 6

Vapor

Answer 6

The gaseous phase of a substance that exists as a solid or liquid at room temperature

Question 7

Physical property

Answer 7

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition (what it’s made up of) (color, solubility, odor, hardness, malleability, density, melting/boiling point)

Question 8

Solubility

Answer 8

How well a substance dissolves

Question 9

Chemical property

Answer 9

Can only be observed when substances undergo chemical change
Always results in a change in chemical composition of substances involved (flammability, decomposition, oxidation, explosiveness, corrosion)

Question 10

Extensive property

Answer 10

Depends on the amount of matter present (volume, mass)

Question 11

Intensive property

Answer 11

Depends on the identity of the substance, not the amount (boiling point, density, conductivity)

Question 12

Physical change

Answer 12

Change which alters a given material without changing its composition (cutting/tearing, grinding, changes of state)

Question 13

Chemical change

Answer 13

Change which alters the chemical composition of a substance (end with a different substance than you started with) (burning, rotting, fermentation, baking)

Question 14

Signs of a chemical change

Answer 14

• Energy change: energy is often given off or absorbed as heat
• Color change (out of ordinary)
• Odor production
• Production of gas (often seen as bubbles)
• Irreversibility: cannot proceed back to its original form

*often not enough to prove a chemical change, but indicate one

Question 15

Solid to liquid

Answer 15

Melting

Question 16

Liquid to gas

Answer 16

Evaporating

Question 17

Solid to gas

Answer 17

Sublimation

Question 18

Gas to solid

Answer 18

Depositing

Question 19

Gas to liquid

Answer 19

Condensation

Question 20

Liquid to solid

Answer 20

Freezing

Question 21

Law of conservation of matter

Answer 21

In all chemical and physical changes, matter is neither created nor destroyed
Mass (reactants) = Mass (products)

Question 22

Do you know how to add and subtract?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Pure substance

Answer 23

Matter with uniform a and constant composition

Each substance has a unique set of properties (chemical and physical)

Question 24

Element

Answer 24

Simplest form of matter that can exist under normal conditions
Cannot be broken down into simpler substances, all atoms are the same
Building blocks for all other substances

Question 25

Compound

Answer 25

Two or more different elements chemically combined to form a new substance Can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means, two or more different atoms Have properties different than the elements they are made from

Question 26

Mixture

Answer 26

Combination of two or more pure substances Each substance retains its individual chemical properties Variable composition Can be separated by physical means

Question 27

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 27

Uneven blend of two or more pure substances Individual substances remain distinct Ex: sand and water, chocolate chip cookie Shake/stir before using

Question 28

Homogeneous mixture (solution)

Answer 28

``` Even blend of two or more pure substances Uniform composition Very small particles that don't settle Most clear and not cloudy Ex: Apple juice ```

Question 29

Filtration

Answer 29

Uses a porous to separate a solid from a liquid

Question 30

Distillation

Answer 30

Based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved

Question 31

Centrifuge

Answer 31

Rapid spinning that separates the components of a mixture based on their density. Heavy particles will got to the bottom and lighter particles to the top

Question 32

Decant

Answer 32

Pouring a liquid off of a solid

Question 33

Chromatography

Answer 33

Based on the ability of each substance to travel or be drawn across a surface

Question 34

Quantitative Property

Answer 34

Numerical information that tells how much, how little, how big, how tall, or how fast (117 inches, 117 lbs, 117 miles/hour)