Unit1 Flashcards
Basic vocabulary essential for the rest of AP Comparative Government
1
Q
- No separation of powers.
- Legislature makes laws but also appoints Prime Minister.
- Strong party loyalty.
A
Parliamentary
2
Q
The idea that an independent variable causes or produces another variable
A
Causation
3
Q
- Checks and balances, separation of power.
- Weak party loyalty.
- Strong executive branch.
- Ex. United States
A
Presidential
4
Q
An official vote on a law or problem
A
Refrendums
5
Q
Data built on factual statements
A
Empirical Data
6
Q
Rules a state follows in exerting power
A
Regime
7
Q
Carries out the laws & policies of the state.
A
Executive Branch
8
Q
Measures ineqaulity
A
GINI Index
9
Q
The ability of a state to self govern. A states independence
A
Sovereignty
10
Q
- Symbolizes and represents the people.
- May or may not have policymaking power.
A
Head of State
11
Q
Political power is concetrated in one place; policies are uniform
A
Unitary System
12
Q
Group of people bound together by a common political, social, or religious identity
A
Nation
13
Q
Devolution of power from the central government to more local levels
A
Federalism
14
Q
In charge of actually running the government.
A
Head of Government
15
Q
A government that is ruled by religion
A
Theocracy
16
Q
Non elected officials
A
Bureacuracy
17
Q
- Most important person in policy making.
- Varies by government.
A
The Chief Executive
18
Q
Transfer of power from the central government to more local levels
A
Devolution
19
Q
Missing any of the characteristics of a liberal democracy, but still have elections for leaders
A
Illiberal democracy
20
Q
- Most important decision-making body in parliamentary systems.
- Oversee the bureaucracy.
A
The Cabinet
21
Q
Government being open and letting its citizens know about the things they’re doing
A
Political Transparency
22
Q
The right to rule
A
Legitimacy
23
Q
Interest Groups
A
Organizations of like-minded people
24
Q
Branch that makes laws
A
Legislative Branch
25
SMDP
Winner-takes-all-system; candidates run for single representative's seats
26
Ability of a government to consistently provide services to meet the basic needs of most of the population.
Stablility
27
One house
Unicameral
28
Social Movements
Group of people orotesting for one political or social goal
29
The set of institutions that are created to
- Interpret
- Settle public disputes
- Enforce criminal law
Judiciary
30
Civil Liberities
Individual's protection against the abuses of the government
31
A sudden violent usurpation and replacement of a system of government
Coup (Coup d'état)
32
Is the lifelong process of how people acquire their ideas, political attitudes and values
Political Socialization
33
Cleavages
Divisions within a society based on factors such as ethnicity or religion
34
A government system operating predictably under a known and transparent set of laws, holding elites accountable.
Rule of Law
35
The process of freeing up, limiting government control and oversight
Liberalization
36
Political Participation
How citizens can participate in the politics of their states
37
Collection of beliefs, values, practices, an institution of governments
Political culture
38
Individualism
Belief in freedom over government restrictions
39
Literally means Two Chambers or Houses
Defines a system of Legislature
Bicameral
40
Citizens, participants, voters, engage in social and political interaction, free of state or governmental control or regulation.
Civil Society
41
Communism
Near total government control of the economy
42
Socialism
Reducing income disparities and nationalization of major industries
43
A national vote by the public on an issue
Referendum
44
organizations that connect citizens to the government
Linkage institutions
45
Political Culture
The collection of beliefs and values of a government
46
Political Ideology
Set of political values held by individuals
47
Votes on an issue by the people
Referendums
48
Authoritarian Regimes
Often restrict rights, have its citizens follow military orders, and limit voting
49
Values of self-expression and quality of life
Post-Materialism
50
Civil Society
Civil Society is when citizens engage in social and poltiical interaction, free of state or govenrment control or regulation, like interest groups
51
What is crucial for the growth of civil society?
Access to free, uncensored media.
52
Need for rapid, dramatic changes
Radicalism
53
Organizations like-minded people
Interest groups
54
Any group that connects citizens to the state
Linkage Institutions
55
Globalization consequences
Reduced soveignty; unfair working conditions, monopolization
56
Examples of linkage institutions
Media, interest groups, and political parties
57
Government controls access to policy making by relying on state-sanction (SPA's) to represent labor, business, and agriculture
Corporatism
58
Pros of Globalization
Reduced prices, access to more trade, spread of technology, etc
59
Why would a regime implement ISI
To increase the sales of domestics goods and boost industrialization
60
Collection of beliefs, values, practices, and institutions of government
Political Culture
61
Freedom House
Measures how free a country is
62
Democratiziation Features
Rule of law, freedom of expression, free elections, etc.
63
Lifelong process of how people gather their ideas, values, and political attitudes.
Political Socialization
64
The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.
Demography
65
Why Devolve Power
To better adjust to more local needs of ethnicity, economy, and territory
66
Independent freedom not restricted by the government.
Individualism
67
Right to own property, most industry is privately owned, government does not control competition and profit
Market economy
68
Monopoliziation
When one single entity has absolute dominance over a sector of the market
69
Limited government influence in the economy.
Neoliberalism
70
Near total government control over the economy.
Communism
71
How would a regime increase transparency
By fostering citizen engagement; send data of governmental actions to its citizens, and holding public meetings
72
Reducing income differences and nationalization of major industries
Socialism
73
Well established, high economic development, industrialized
"Advanced" Democracies (1st world)
74
Favors author rule with one ethnicity over others.
Fascism
75
Common people's rights over the elites
Populism
76
How can citizens participate in the state?
- Interest groups
- Political Parties
- Voting/Referendums
- Protests and Social Movements
77
Benefits of Unitary Systems
Often quicker to address national issues during crisises; policies are more uniform
78
Decentralization
When a centralized government devolves power
79
Obeying laws, following military orders, paying taxes, and voting (limited choices).
Participation in Authoritarian governments.
80
APCOPO acronym
Advanced Placement Comparative Government and Politics
81
Protection of groups from discrimination by the government or other individuals.
Ex. Right to vote
Civil Rights
82
Which APCOPO countries uses a presidential system
Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and China
83
Individuals' protection against the abuse of the government.
Ex. Freedom of speech
Civil Liberties
84
- Class
- Ethnicity
- Religious
- Geography/Territories
Examples of cleavages
85
Term limits
Determines how long somebody can run for, like a president
86
Market economy
An open economy to trade; off of government control
87
Command economies
Government controls access to the economy; less free
88
- Groups who agree with one another.
- More likely to be explosive.
Reinforcing Cleavages
89
Newly industrialized economy, typically depend on more developed countries for economic assistance.
Less developed/ developing (3rd world)
90
MNCs
Multinational corporations -- any corporation that is registered in more than one country
91
- May agree on one thing while disagreeing on another.
- Conflicts tend to stay more moderate.
Cross-cutting Cleavages
92
GDP
Measures economic output of a country relative to its population
93
Single Member District Plurality and Proportional Representation.
2 main electoral systems.
94
GNP
Gross National Product -- total value of all goods and services produced by a country
95
