Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

THESELF FIRST GRADING > UNIT1 LESSON1: PHILOSOPHY > Flashcards

UNIT1 LESSON1: PHILOSOPHY Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

He was a controversial figure in Athens because of his argumentative skill.

A

Socrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endless process of asking questions; abrasive in nature.

A

Socratic method of questioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the philosophical statement of Socrates?

A

Know thyself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The unexamined life is considered as not worth living, humans must strive to seek purpose and value.

A

Know thyself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of the self according to Socrates.

A

The self is an immortal soul which exists over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The source of all knowledge.

A

self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This is important when you want to know yourself. You must understand its essence.

A

Individual experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the view of reality according to Socrates?

A

Reality is dualistic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

it is constantly changing, transient, and imperfect

A

Physical Realm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

it is considered unchanging, eternal, and immortal

A

Ideal realm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

He contributed original ideas on a wide range of issues such as morality, politics, metaphysics, and epistemology

A

Plato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three part soul according to Plato

A

Reason, Physical Appetite, Spirit/Passion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

it enables the individuals to thing deeply, make choices and achieve true understanding

A

Reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this refers to basic biological needs such as thirst, hunger, and sexual desire

A

Physical Appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

this refers to basic emotions like love, anger, aggressiveness, and empathy

A

Spirit/Passion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Genuine happiness can be achieved when ___ is in control of ___ & ___

A

Reason
Spirit
Appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: the three part self may act in consonance or may act in conflict with each other

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the soul is likened to a chariot drawn by two powerful winged horses

A

The Chariot Analogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symbolizes spirit in the chariot analogy

A

Noble horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symbolizes appetite in the chariot analogy

A

Wild horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Symbolizes reason in the chariot analogy

A

Charioteer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A Roman philosopher who believes that the soul possesses superiority over the body.
Influences St. Augustine

A

Plotinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

St. Augustine definition of the self

A

The body is an immortal soul which exists over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

St. Augustine’s 4 statements about the body and soul

A
  1. The body as a slave to the soul
  2. The soul makes war with the body
  3. The body as the spouse of the soul which both attached to one another by a natural appetite
  4. The body is united with the soul so that man maybe entire and complete.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a virtuous life for St. Augustine
Live in love
26
all sins are the result of turning away from
love and God
27
Plato’s vision of immortal souls striving to achieve union with the eternal realm through INTELLECTUAL ENLIGHTENMENT became transformed by Augustine into
IMMORTAL SOULS STRIVING TO ACHIEVE UNION WITH GOD
28
Founder of Modern Philosophy; a rationalist who emphasized that thinking must follow a logical and rational process
Descartes
29
Philosophical statement of Descartes
Cogito Ergo Sum “I think therefore I am”
30
T/F: Performing mental operations was not essential to being a human self
False
31
Definition of the self according to Descartes
The self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body
32
Dualistic View of the Self
Thinking self (soul) & Physical body
33
non material, immortal, conscious being and independent of the physical laws of the universe.
thinking self (soul)
34
is part of the spiritual realm governed by the laws of reason and God’s will.
conscious self
35
a material, mortal, non-thinking entity governed by the physical laws of nature.
physical body
36
Reasoning ability provides the origin of knowledge
Rationalist View
37
- the view that reason is the primary source of all knowledge and that only our reasoning abilities can enable us to understand sense experience and reach accurate conclusions.
Rationalism
38
His background as a physician influenced his beliefs about the nature of the self
John Locke
39
definition of the self by John Locke
Personal identity is made possible by self- consciousness
40
is based on the careful observation of sense experience/ or memories of previous experiences.
knowledge
41
is a vital element in making meaning out of the sense experience of a person.
reason
42
all knowledge originates in our direct SENSE EXPERIENCE
empiricist view
43
the view that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge and that only a careful attention to sense experience can enable us to understand the world and achieve accurate conclusions.
empiricism
44
LOCKE’S CONCLUSION ON EXAMINING ONE’S EXPERIENCES
1. To discover personal identity, one must establish how it is to be a person 2. A person is a thinking, reflecting and analyzing being 3. A person is the same thing in different times and places 4. Consciousness is accompanied by thinking 5. Consciousness makes it possible to exhibit the same identity in different times and places
45
the keys to understanding the self
conscious awareness and memory of previous experiences
46
He was a controversial figure because of his skeptical examinations of religion, ethics and history during the 18th century
David Hume
47
Philosophical statement of David Hume
There is no self!
48
Definition of the self by David Hume
There is no self, only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theatre of our minds.
49
Two distinct entities
Impressions, Ideas
50
the basic sensations of our experience, the elemental data of our minds: pain, pleasure, heat, cold, happiness, grief, fear etc. These impressions are “lively” and “vivid”.
impressions
51
- ideas are copies of impressions, they are less “lively” and “vivid”. Ideas include thoughts and images that are built up from our primary impressions through a variety of relationships.
Ideas
52
is a kind of theatre where several perceptions successively make their appearance
the mind
53
A German philosopher who wrote his books while dressed in a bathrobe and slippers.
Immanuel Kant
54
Philosophical statement of Immanuel Kant
We construct the self.
55
The definition of the self according to Immanuel Kant
The self is a unifying subject, an organizing consciousness that makes intelligible experience possible.
56
T/F: Hume argued that when we perceive objects, we encounter mental states that appear to be composed of bits and pieces and are organized meaningfully.
False
57
was described as exhibiting the following characteristics: intelligence, self confidence, desire for achievement and fame
Sigmund Freud
58
Freud’s parental experiences influenced his development of the concept of
Oedipus Complex
59
definition of the self according to Sigmund Freud
The self is multi-layered
60
Three layers of the self
1. Id 2. Ego 3. Superego
61
it is present at birth, entirely unconscious, includes all innate instincts.
Id
62
motivation of id
pleasure principle
63
- It begins to develop out of the ID at about 6to8 months. It operates in accordance with the logical and self-preservative secondary process.
ego
64
motivation of ego
reality principle
65
examples of defense mechanism that tries to keep the id under control
repression, denial, rationalization, displacement
66
it begins to develop out of the ego at about age 3to5 years. It is partly conscious and unconscious. It includes standards or RIGHT and WRONG.
superego
67
this motivates the superego
morality principle
68
theory of Freud
The Iceberg Theory
69
Analytic philosopher who analysed language to solve philosophical puzzles
Gilbert Ryle
70
definition of the self by gilbert ryle
The self is the way people behave
71
T/F: What the body wills, it is the mind that executes it.
False
72
In defining the self, it is necessary to focus on ___________ because these are concrete evidences of how the minds works and functions.
Observable behavior
73
A contemporary American Philosopher and professor at the University of California.
Paul Churchland
74
Definition of the self by Churchland
The self is the brain
75
• ____ states will be superseded by the brain states
Mental
76
___ states (health of our bodies, the food we ingest, the experiences we endure) have an impact on our mental and emotional functioning.
Physical
77
_____ states likewise impact on our physical conditions (ex. stress, depression, psychosomatic disorder)
emotional and mental
78
To understand the nature of the mind, we have to fully understand the _________
nature of the brain
79
GOAL OF BRAIN/SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Link the self to the physical wiring and physiological functioning of the brain
80
developing a new vocabulary and conceptual framework that is grounded in neuroscience
Eliminative Materialism
81
French philosopher who was influenced by Husserl; He worked in the Army as an officer and was eventually appointed as a Philosophy professor at the University of Lyon
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
82
Definition of the self by Merleau-Ponty
The self is embodied subjectivity.
83
entity that can never be objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way
I live in my body
84
is a natural synthesis of mind and biology and separating them would be nonsensical and artificial.
the living body
85
is a dynamic form responsible for actively structuring our conscious ideas and physical behavior
consciousness
86
was the source of knowledge and has to be studied before the conventional sciences
perception

THESELF FIRST GRADING (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions