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ap world history > unit7 > Flashcards

unit7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Czar Nicholas II?

A

Last Tsar of Russia and the last autocrat, abdicated in 1917.

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2
Q

What is Russification?

A

A form of cultural assimilation where non-Russians adopt Russian culture and language.

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3
Q

What event is referred to as Bloody Sunday?

A

A protest against Czar Nicholas II’s rule where people were shot at.

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4
Q

Who was Rasputin?

A

A self-proclaimed healer who gained favor with Czar Nicholas II by helping their hemophiliac son.

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5
Q

What were the Bolsheviks?

A

Members of a wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party that seized control in October 1917.

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6
Q

Who was Vladimir Lenin?

A

Russian communist revolutionary and head of the Bolshevik Party, served as head of state from 1922-1924.

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7
Q

What was the Qing Dynasty?

A

The final imperial dynasty in China that lasted from 1644-1912.

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8
Q

Who were the Manchu people?

A

A Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria, leaders of the Qing Dynasty.

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9
Q

What are Spheres of Influence?

A

Areas where an individual or organization can exert power or control.

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10
Q

What was the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang)?

A

The nationalist party of China with some democratic tendencies but struggled for support.

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11
Q

Who was Sun Yat-sen?

A

Played a role in the Qing Dynasty revolution and founded the Kuomintang.

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12
Q

What does ‘Sick Man of Europe’ refer to?

A

A nickname for the crumbling Ottoman Empire.

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13
Q

What were the Tanzimat Reforms?

A

Attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire that ultimately didn’t go far enough.

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14
Q

Who were the Young Turks?

A

A group that wanted to introduce a constitutional government in the former Ottoman Empire.

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15
Q

What is Turkification?

A

A requirement for all citizens to embrace Turkish culture.

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16
Q

What were the dates of World War I?

A

July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918.

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17
Q

What does MANIA stand for in the context of WWI causes?

A
  • Militarism
  • Alliances
  • Nationalism
  • Imperialism
  • Assassinations
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18
Q

What was the Black Hand?

A

A secret military society founded in 1911 by Serbian Army officers.

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19
Q

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, assassinated by the Black Hand.

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20
Q

What were the Allied Powers in WWI?

A
  • Serbia
  • Russia
  • France
  • Great Britain
  • Italy
  • United States
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21
Q

What were the Central Powers in WWI?

A
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Germany
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Bulgaria
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22
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

Germany’s strategy to fight France and Russia in a two-sided war.

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23
Q

What is trench warfare?

A

A strategy of war involving underground fighting with poor conditions.

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24
Q

What is total war?

A

A war fought by entire societies, including military and home fronts.

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25
When did the USA join WWI?
April 16, 1917, after German U-boat attacks.
26
Why did Russia withdraw from WWI?
Due to political and economic problems.
27
What was the Influenza Epidemic?
A 1918 pandemic that killed over 50 million people.
28
What was the Armistice of WWI?
It ended hostilities between the Allies and Germany on November 11, 1918.
29
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty that ended WWI, signed on June 28, 1919.
30
What was the League of Nations?
The first worldwide organization to maintain peace, founded in 1919.
31
What was the Weimar Republic?
Period in Germany from November 1918 to March 1933.
32
What is hyperinflation?
An inflation rate rising 50% in one month, decreasing currency value.
33
What was the Great Depression?
A period of economic downturn that began with the stock market crash in October 1929.
34
Who was FDR?
Franklin D. Roosevelt, president during the Great Depression and WWII.
35
What was the New Deal Program?
FDR's program to provide jobs and stabilize the economy.
36
What was the New Economic Plan?
Lenin's plan incorporating elements of capitalism into the Soviet economy.
37
What was the 5 Year Plan?
Stalin's plan for rapid industrialization in Russia.
38
What are collective farms?
Farms where a group of people live and work under a manager.
39
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union known for the Great Purge.
40
What is totalitarianism?
A system where the government has total control over all aspects of life.
41
What is fascism?
A government system led by a dictator who suppresses opposition and controls industry.
42
Who was Benito Mussolini?
Fascist dictator of Italy in the 1930s, allied with Germany in WWII.
43
Who was Adolf Hitler?
Fascist dictator of Germany, leader of the Nazi Party, responsible for the Holocaust.
44
What was the Mandate System?
A compromise for administering former German and Turkish colonies post-WWI.
45
What is anti-imperialism?
A movement advocating for independence from colonial powers.
46
What was the Indian National Congress?
A group formed to voice complaints against British rule in India.
47
What was the Amritsar Massacre?
A British attack on unarmed protesters in 1919, killing over 1,000 people.
48
What is civil disobedience?
Peaceful protest against unjust laws, led by Gandhi during the Indian independence movement.
49
What was the Homespun Movement?
Gandhi's encouragement for Indians to make their own clothing to resist British goods.
50
What was the Salt March?
A protest against British salt taxes led by Gandhi, resulting in mass arrests.
51
What was the Two-State Solution/Partition of India?
Creation of Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus to avoid violence.
52
What was China's May Fourth Movement?
A protest against the Treaty of Versailles by Chinese demonstrators.
53
Who was Mao Zedong?
Leader of the Communist Party in China, established the People's Republic of China.
54
What is the Communist Party?
A political and economic system that abolishes economic classes and promotes public ownership.
55
What were the causes of WWII?
* Treaty of Versailles * Rise of the Nazi Party * German Military Aggression * Japanese Military Aggression
56
What is Lebensraum?
The German concept of 'living space' that Hitler sought to acquire.
57
What is appeasement?
Giving in to demands to avoid conflict, exemplified by the Munich Conference.
58
What were the Axis Powers?
* Germany * Italy * Japan
59
What were the Allied Powers in WWII?
* Great Britain * France * United States * Soviet Union
60
What was the Non-Aggression Pact?
An agreement between Stalin and Hitler not to attack each other, signed in 1939.
61
What is Blitzkrieg?
German military strategy known as 'Lightning War' for swift attacks.
62
When did Germany invade Poland?
September 1, 1939, leading to the start of WWII.
63
What was the Battle of Britain?
Air battles between the RAF and the German Air Force, which Britain won.
64
Who was Winston Churchill?
Prime Minister of the UK before and during WWII, a key leader at the Yalta Conference.
65
What was the Battle of Stalingrad?
A major turning point in WWII where the Soviet Union held off Germany for six months.
66
What was the Atlantic Wall?
A series of defenses built by Hitler to protect Europe from Allied assaults.
67
What was D-Day?
June 6, 1944, the largest Allied invasion at Normandy, France.
68
What was the Battle of the Bulge?
Germany's last major offensive in December 1944, which ultimately failed.
69
What happened at Pearl Harbor?
A Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, leading to U.S. involvement in WWII.
70
What was the Battle of Midway?
A turning point battle in June 1942 where the U.S. defeated Japan.
71
What was the Battle of Okinawa?
A fierce battle from April to June 1945, the last hurdle before invading Japan.
72
What happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
The U.S. dropped atomic bombs in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender.
73
What is VJ Day?
Victory-in-Japan Day, celebrating Japan's surrender after WWII.

ap world history (3 decks)

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