Unit8-American Domestic Issues of the 60s

Question 1

JFK’s “New Frontier” -Fair Labor Standards Act (1961)

Answer 1

Increased the minimum wage for previously covered workers to $1.15 an hour effective September 1961 and to $1.25 an hour in September 1963

Question 2

JFK’s “New Frontier”- Trade Expansion Act (1962)

Answer 2

Authorized the President to negotiate tariff reductions on a reciprocal basis of up to 50 percent with the European Common Market.

Question 3

JFK’s “New Frontier”-

Answer 3

Prohibited nations from conducting nuclear testing anywhere except underground

Question 4

JFK’s “New Frontier”- Equal Pay Act (1963)

Answer 4

Prohibited wage discrimination on the basis of sex to people for doing jobs that require the same skills and responsibilities

Question 5

what does LBJ say must be fixed in order for the U.S. to have a “Great Society?” (cities)

Answer 5

LBJ emphasizes that the decay of urban centers, lack of adequate housing and transportation, vanishing open land, and erosion of community values are major challenges. He believes that rebuilding and revitalizing cities are essential because the frontier of innovation and imagination lies within urban areas. Improving cities is not just about infrastructure but also about preserving social bonds and connection with nature, which he sees as vital for a thriving society.

Question 6

LBJ’s “Great Society”

Answer 6

LBJ says that the basis of a “Great Society” rests on abundance and liberty for all. He emphasizes the commitment to ending poverty and racial injustice as essential components of this vision.

Question 7

what does LBJ say must be fixed in order for the U.S. to have a “Great Society?” (classrooms)

Answer 7

LBJ highlights the challenges in education, including millions of adults with limited schooling, high school graduates unable to afford college, overcrowded classrooms, outdated curricula, and underpaid teachers. He sees education as a fundamental pillar of a Great Society, providing opportunities for personal growth, social mobility, and the cultivation of knowledge and skills necessary for progress and innovation.

Question 8

what does LBJ say must be fixed in order for the U.S. to have a “Great Society?” (countryside)

Answer 8

LBJ expresses concern about pollution threatening the water, food, and air, overcrowded parks and seashores, and disappearing natural landscapes. He views the preservation of America’s beauty and environmental quality as integral to national identity and well-being. Preventing an “ugly America” means safeguarding natural resources and ensuring a sustainable environment for future generations.

Question 9

Policies of the “Great Society”- Clean Air Act (1963 & 65)

Answer 9

One of the first “modern” environmental laws that aimed to reign in air pollution with expanded research efforts and eventually set the first air pollution limits

Question 10

Policies of the “Great Society”- Civil Rights Act (1964)

Answer 10

Federal government agency responsible for enforcing the Civil Rights Act (1964)

Question 11

Policies of the “Great Society”-b24th Amendment (1964)

Answer 11

Prohibited states from charging a fee (a “poll tax”) in order for citizens to vote in federal elections

Question 12

Policies of the “Great Society”- Equal Opportunity Employment Commission (1964)

Answer 12

made it unlawful for an employer to “fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions or privileges or employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.”

Question 13

Policies of the “Great Society”- Department of Housing and Urban Development (1965)

Answer 13

Federal government agency responsible for helping states create affordable, high quality living conditions for all Americans regardless of income level or race or geography

Question 14

Policies of the “Great Society”- Medicare & Medicaid (1965)

Answer 14

Provided Americans over the age of 65 with medical insurance & allotted federal grants to states for medical coverage of the poor

Question 15

Policies of the “Great Society”- Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)

Answer 15

initially allotted more than $1 billion to help schools purchase materials, improve teacher training programs, and start special education & bilingual programs for schools with a high concentration of low-income children

Question 16

Policies of the “Great Society”- Immigration and Nationality Act (1965)

Answer 16

abolished the national-origin quotas in immigration law, replacing it instead with a preference system that focused on immigrants’ skills and family relationships with citizens or U.S. residents.

Question 17

Policies of the “Great Society”- Voting Rights Act (1965)

Answer 17

suspended literacy tests in counties where less than 50 percent of the eligible voters had cast ballots in 1964, provided for federal examiners to register voters, and empowered the government to sue cities and states where poll taxes were used to disenfranchise voters in state level elections

Question 18

What are two early acts of direct action that stand as examples of how the Civil Rights movement tried to dismantle racist laws?

Answer 18

Sit ins, universities where students would sit at lunch tables and wanted to get served or arrested.
Freedom riders, people would ride in buses to integrate interstate buses.

Question 19

Why did television play an important role in changing some Americans’ view of the Civil Rights protestors?

Answer 19

It brought the reality of people’s homes in the south. SHowing the police dogs and water cannons being turned on peaceful marchers. This led to shocking reactions from the people watching, significantly leading to JFK to contribute to the movement’s goals.

Question 20

What were the goals for Martin Luther King’s March on Washington?

Answer 20

A civil rights bill.
Help the poor demanding public works, a higher minimum wage
An end to discrimination.

Question 21

How did JFK support the Civil Rights Movement? What happened to JFK in 1963 though?

Answer 21

He appeared on TV to call on congress to pass a law that would ban discrimination in all public accommodations then he was assassinated.

Question 22

Was the “war on poverty” successful? Why or why not?

Answer 22

It wasn’t successful because the focus wasn’t on the income or jobs but instead on training. This led to the failure of the shifts in the economy from high wage union manufacturing jobs toward more lower wage service jobs.

Question 23

Who is Malcolm X? Why does Green say people’s characterization of him is inaccurate?

Answer 23

He was a civil rights activist that was seen as an advocate for violence. His characterization is incorrect because he was able to do things without the dependence on others.

Question 24

What was the main goal of “Black Power” advocates?

Answer 24

Black power emphasized black self-reliance and self-determination more than integration. Proponents believed African Americans should secure their human rights by creating political and cultural organizations that served their interests.

Question 25

What was a common movement that many young (white) men joined in this era 60s?

Answer 25

Anti- war movement.

Question 26

How was the Latino rights movements different from other civil rights movements?

Answer 26

It was different because it was more focused on labor discrimination ending. The activism was like black power but more towards labor justice.

Question 27

Describe how American Indians fought for greater rights? What are some ways they were successful?

Answer 27

Indians took over alcatraz island to symbolize the land that had been taken from native americans. They were successful in economic development, education, and filed suits for restitution.

Question 28

What is the importance of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring? What are some important legislative successes it will lead to during the Nixon administration?

Answer 28

It was important because it was the first time that anyone really described all of the poisonous things that we were putting into the air, ground, and water. (Contributed to the environmental movement)
Legislation - Clean air and water act… endangered species act.

Question 29

What was the significance of the raid on the Stonewall Inn?

Answer 29

Members of the gay community organized demonstrations in NYC which contributed to the gay liberation movement.

Question 29

According to Betty Friedan, what is “the problem that has no name?” Describe it.

Answer 29

The social and economic system that affected mostly middle class women but it resigned with the educated class and led to the National organization of women.

Question 30

How did women see some improvements during this era as a result of the feminist movement?

Answer 30

In result to the feminist era, improvement during this era that began with developments were the ideas of personal is political when it came to equal pay, childcare, and abortion. (independency)

Question 31

Loving v. Virginia-

Answer 31

that took down the law banning interracial marriage (different race marriage.)

Question 32

Gideon v. Wainwright

Answer 32

accused the right to an attorney when accused of a crime.

Question 33

Griswold v Connecticut

Answer 33

took down laws banning brith control

Question 34

Roe v. Wade

Answer 34

guaranteed a woman’s right to na abortion in the first trimester.

Question 35

Why was 1968 such an important and tumultuous year?

Answer 35

The Ted offense of Vietnam which led to anti war protests.
Racial violence after the assassination of MLK.
Civil rights movement