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Unit_1_Rivers Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What is the definition of a river basin?

A

A river basin is the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.

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2
Q

True or False: The source of a river is typically found at a lower elevation than its mouth.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which water vapor turns into liquid water is called ______.

A

condensation

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4
Q

What are the main stages of the hydrological cycle?

A

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff.

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5
Q

Which term describes the speed at which water flows in a river?

A

Velocity

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6
Q

What is erosion in the context of river environments?

A

Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth’s surface by wind or water flow.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of a river’s upper course? A) Meanders B) Waterfalls C) Floodplains

A

B) Waterfalls

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8
Q

What is the term for the area where a river meets the sea?

A

Estuary

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9
Q

True or False: Deltas are formed at the mouth of a river.

A

True

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10
Q

What is the primary cause of flooding in river environments?

A

Excessive rainfall or snowmelt.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of a river where it is flowing fastest.

A

thalweg

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12
Q

What is sedimentation in river management?

A

Sedimentation is the process by which particles settle out of the water column and accumulate on the riverbed.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of river management? A) Deforestation B) River straightening C) Urban development

A

B) River straightening

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14
Q

What is a floodplain?

A

A floodplain is a flat area of land adjacent to a river that is subject to flooding.

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15
Q

True or False: Urbanization can increase the risk of flooding.

A

True

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a natural barrier that stops the flow of a river.

A

dam

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17
Q

What is the role of vegetation in river management?

A

Vegetation helps to stabilize riverbanks and reduce erosion.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a river transport process? A) Traction B) Suspension C) Convection

A

C) Convection

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19
Q

What does the term ‘watershed’ refer to?

A

A watershed is the land area that drains into a particular river or lake.

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20
Q

True or False: Rivers can change course over time due to natural processes.

A

True

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of land where rainwater collects before flowing into a river.

A

catchment area

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22
Q

What are the three main types of river channels?

A

Straight, meandering, and braided.

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which feature is commonly found in the middle course of a river? A) V-shaped valleys B) Waterfalls C) Meanders

A

C) Meanders

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24
Q

What is the purpose of river management strategies?

A

To reduce flooding, manage water resources, and protect ecosystems.

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25
True or False: River pollution can affect the health of aquatic ecosystems.
True
26
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the gradual increase in river water temperature due to human activities.
thermal pollution
27
What is a levee?
A levee is an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river.
28
Multiple Choice: What is the primary purpose of a reservoir? A) To generate hydroelectric power B) To store water C) To enhance biodiversity
B) To store water
29
What is the impact of deforestation on river systems?
Deforestation can lead to increased erosion and sedimentation in rivers.
30
True or False: Flooding can have positive effects on the environment.
True
31
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of land where water flows into a river from surrounding land.
drainage basin
32
What is the significance of riparian zones?
Riparian zones provide habitat for wildlife and help filter pollutants from runoff.
33
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a consequence of river channelization? A) Increased biodiversity B) Enhanced flood protection C) Reduced water quality
C) Reduced water quality
34
What is the term for the gradual wearing away of the riverbank?
Bank erosion
35
True or False: All rivers flow towards the sea.
False
36
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the river where sediment is deposited.
delta
37
What is a flood hydrograph?
A flood hydrograph is a graph that shows the discharge of a river over time during a flood event.
38
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors affects river discharge? A) Temperature B) Precipitation C) Soil type
B) Precipitation
39
What is channelization in river management?
Channelization involves modifying a river's channel to control flow and reduce flooding.
40
True or False: River restoration aims to return a river to its natural state.
True
41
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area where a river spreads out and slows down before entering a larger body of water.
estuary
42
What are the ecological benefits of wetlands?
Wetlands provide habitat, improve water quality, and reduce flood risk.
43
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a human impact on rivers? A) Natural sedimentation B) Urban development C) Seasonal flooding
B) Urban development
44
What is the main goal of Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM)?
To manage water resources in a holistic and sustainable manner.
45
True or False: The discharge of a river can vary seasonally.
True
46
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the maximum amount of sediment a river can transport.
sediment load
47
What is the role of floodplain forests?
Floodplain forests help to absorb floodwaters and provide habitat for wildlife.
48
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a natural cause of flooding? A) Heavy rainfall B) Deforestation C) Urbanization
A) Heavy rainfall
49
What is the purpose of a flood warning system?
To alert communities about potential flooding events.
50
True or False: All rivers have the same flow characteristics.
False
51
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of a river that flows through a valley.
channel
52
What is the term for the area of land that is permanently saturated with water?
Wetland
53
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a benefit of riverbank restoration? A) Increased erosion B) Improved water quality C) Reduced biodiversity
B) Improved water quality
54
What is the impact of climate change on river systems?
Climate change can alter precipitation patterns and increase the frequency of flooding.
55
True or False: River ecosystems are resilient to changes in their environment.
False
56
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of land that drains into a river or lake.
drainage basin
57
What is the significance of sediment transport in river systems?
Sediment transport is essential for shaping river landscapes and maintaining habitats.
58
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method to reduce river pollution? A) Wastewater treatment B) Increased deforestation C) Urban sprawl
A) Wastewater treatment
59
What are the potential consequences of river damming?
Damming can disrupt ecosystems, alter sediment transport, and affect water quality.
60
True or False: Rivers can serve as natural boundaries between countries.
True
61
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the zone where freshwater meets saltwater.
brackish zone
62
What is the role of a watershed in the hydrological cycle?
A watershed collects rainwater and directs it to rivers and lakes.
63
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a strategy for managing river flood risk? A) Reforestation B) Urbanization C) River pollution
A) Reforestation
64
What is the term for the physical process of water moving from land to the atmosphere?
Evapotranspiration
65
True or False: River systems are influenced only by natural factors.
False
66
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of land that is flooded during a flood event.
flood zone
67
What is the purpose of floodplain zoning?
To regulate land use in areas prone to flooding.
68
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes a meander? A) A straight river section B) A curve in a river C) A waterfall
B) A curve in a river
69
What is the significance of river monitoring?
River monitoring helps assess water quality, flow rates, and ecological health.
70
True or False: Riparian areas are important for maintaining river health.
True
71
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the maximum height reached by floodwaters.
flood level
72
What is the primary source of nutrients in river systems?
Runoff from land, including agricultural and urban areas.
73
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a consequence of river pollution? A) Improved biodiversity B) Decreased water quality C) Increased fish populations
B) Decreased water quality
74
What is the role of fish ladders in river management?
Fish ladders allow fish to migrate past obstacles like dams.
75
True or False: All rivers are freshwater.
False
76
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area of land that is affected by tidal actions.
tidal zone
77
What is the impact of urban runoff on rivers?
Urban runoff can introduce pollutants and increase flooding risk.
78
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method to manage riverbank erosion? A) Concrete barriers B) Natural vegetation C) Deforestation
B) Natural vegetation
79
What is the purpose of river restoration projects?
To rehabilitate degraded river ecosystems and improve water quality.
80
True or False: Rivers can be a source of renewable energy.
True
81
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area where river water is stored temporarily during floods.
floodplain
82
What is the role of groundwater in the hydrological cycle?
Groundwater replenishes rivers and lakes during dry periods.
83
Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes a braided river? A) A river with a single channel B) A river with multiple interwoven channels C) A river that flows steadily
B) A river with multiple interwoven channels
84
What is the significance of riverbanks?
Riverbanks provide habitat, prevent erosion, and filter pollutants.
85
True or False: Rivers can be affected by climate change.
True
86
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of a river that is typically deep and fast-flowing.
thalweg
87
What is the impact of agricultural runoff on rivers?
Agricultural runoff can introduce fertilizers and pesticides, leading to pollution.
88
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a feature of a river's lower course? A) V-shaped valleys B) Deltas C) Rapids
B) Deltas
89
What is the purpose of constructing flood barriers?
To protect areas from floodwaters and reduce damage.
90
True or False: Rivers can change their course due to human activities.
True
91
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the point at which a river ends its journey.
mouth
92
What is the role of wetlands in flood control?
Wetlands absorb excess water and reduce flood peaks.
93
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of rivers? A) Habitat for wildlife B) Transportation routes C) Pollution sources
C) Pollution sources
94
What is the significance of monitoring river health?
Monitoring provides data for effective management and conservation efforts.
95
True or False: Rivers have no impact on local climates.
False
96
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the process of removing sediments from a riverbed.
dredging
97
What is the impact of invasive species on river ecosystems?
Invasive species can disrupt food webs and outcompete native species.
98
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes river discharge? A) Volume of water flowing per unit of time B) Speed of water flow C) Amount of sediment transported
A) Volume of water flowing per unit of time
99
What is the role of a river's floodplain in ecosystem health?
Floodplains provide rich habitats and support biodiversity.
100
True or False: River health is solely determined by water quality.
False
101
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area that contributes water to a river.
watershed
102
What is the significance of maintaining riparian habitats?
Riparian habitats support wildlife and improve water quality.
103
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of river conservation? A) Habitat destruction B) Pollution control C) Deforestation
B) Pollution control
104
What is the impact of riverbank development on ecosystems?
Riverbank development can lead to habitat loss and increased erosion.
105
True or False: River ecosystems are unchanging over time.
False
106
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area where groundwater meets surface water.
hyporheic zone
107
What is the role of monitoring water temperature in rivers?
Monitoring helps assess the health of aquatic life and overall ecosystem health.
108
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method to improve river water quality? A) Increased runoff B) Riparian buffer zones C) Industrial waste disposal
B) Riparian buffer zones

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