Unite 2: Gilded Age and Westward Expansion

Question 1

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 1

United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts; a “robber baron” who developed the steel industry; practiced vertical integration.

Question 2

Merit

Answer 2

A system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement

Question 3

Dawes Act

Answer 3

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners.

Question 4

Jon D. Rockefeller

Answer 4

Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company; considered a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses; built trusts and used the money to influence government

Question 5

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 5

1882 law that denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate; was passed as a result of American workers feeling threatened by job competition.

Question 6

Homestead Act 1862

Answer 6

Law that provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it; meant to encourage westward migration

Question 7

political machine

Answer 7

a group that controls the activities of a political party

Question 8

Industrialization

Answer 8

The process by which a society transforms itself from one based mostly on agriculture to one based mostly on industry/manufacturing

Question 9

Boss Tweed

Answer 9

an American politician most notable for being the boss of Tammany Hall in the late 1800s; he was eventually convicted of stealing an estimated $25 million dollars from New York City taxpayers through political corruption

Question 10

Trust

Answer 10

A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

Adopting the traits of another culture; often happens over time when one immigrates to a new country.

Question 12

Social Gospel Movement

Answer 12

a movement in the late 1800s/early 1900s that emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.

Question 13

Immigration

Answer 13

The action of coming permanently to a foreign country

Question 14

Nativities

Answer 14

A person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants

Question 15

Bessemer Process

Answer 15

a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

Question 16

Philanthropy

Answer 16

A charitable donation to public causes

Question 17

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 17

Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California’s railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west.

Question 18

Monopoly

Answer 18

Economic term for a market in which one seller controls an entire industry or product

Question 19

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 19

first United States law to limit trusts and big business; stated that any trust that was purposefully restraining interstate trade was illegal. Gave the government power to “bust” trusts.

Question 20

Urbanization

Answer 20

The process in which new cities are formed and get bigger