Units 1,2,3

Question 1

Define evolution

Answer 1

Accounts for both similarities of individuals cross different species and the diversity of traits within a species

Question 2

Define conspecific

Answer 2

Any individuals consisting of the same species

Question 3

Define genetic species concept

Answer 3

similar DNA across species to determine if they are conspecific

Question 4

Define Microevolutionary Biology

Answer 4

Changes on the genetic scale over time

Question 5

Define Macroevolutionary Biology

Answer 5

Change on the species scale

Question 6

What is Jean Lamarck known for

Answer 6

The inheritance of acquired characteristics (giraffes and their long necks)

Question 7

What was Thomas Malthus’s main point

Answer 7

Populations cannot grow forever

Question 8

Define Biogeography

Answer 8

The study of patterns in the geographic distribution of species

Question 9

Define Extant

Answer 9

Opposite of extinct

Question 10

Define Endemic

Answer 10

Only able to find a species in one specific area

Question 11

Define Fossils

Answer 11

Evidence of earlier forms of life

Question 12

Define Stratigraphy

Answer 12

Study of rock layers

Question 13

Define Evolutionary Fitness

Answer 13

Ones ability to find resources and able to survive and reproduce

Question 14

What are 3 weaknesses of the fossil record

Answer 14

1) Soft-bodied organisms
2) Preservation requirements
3) Must find the fossil

Question 15

Define Law of Superposition

Answer 15

Changes in certain lineages over time

Question 16

Define Law of Succession

Answer 16

Fossils and living organisms in the same geographic region resemble each other but are distant from organisms found in other areas

Question 17

Define Comparative Morphology

Answer 17

Study of body forms and structures of major groups of organisms

Question 18

Homologous structures gives us clues about what

Answer 18

Divergence events

Question 19

Define Morphological convergence

Answer 19

Environmental pressures cause two unrelated species to develop similar traits

Question 20

Define Analogous structures

Answer 20

Similar functions but are derived from different source structures

Question 21

Define Vestigial structures

Answer 21

Useless or rudimentary version of a body part

Question 22

What are four processes that drive populations out of genetic equilibrium

Answer 22

1) Mutation
2) Genetic drift
3) Gene flow
4) Selection

Question 23

Define Polygenic

Answer 23

Multiple alleles and genes that control an outward trait

Question 24

Define Homozygous

Answer 24

Two alleles on a chromosome may be identical

Question 25

Define Heterozygous

Answer 25

Two alleles that differ

Question 26

Define Phenotype

Answer 26

Physical appearance

Question 27

Define Genotype

Answer 27

Genetic makeup

Question 28

Define Law of Segregation

Answer 28

Two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 29

What are the four steps to be in the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 29

1) No mutations
2) Fully isolated
3) Alleles have no effect on selection (No selection)
4) All mating is random (No active mate choice)

Question 30

In p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 What does p^2 stand for

Answer 30

The frequency of homozygous dominant

Question 31

In p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 What does 2pq stand for

Answer 31

As a whole frequency of heterozygous individuals

Question 32

In p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 What does q^2 stand for

Answer 32

Frequency of homozygous recessive

Question 33

In p + q = 1 what does P stand for

Answer 33

Frequency of the dominant allele in a population

Question 34

In p + q = 1 what does Q stand for

Answer 34

Frequency of the recessive allele in a population