Units 1- 4 Flashcards
(60 cards)
Define Anatomy
The science of structures (ex: heart, lungs)
Define Physiology
The science of body functions (what it does)/(ex: heart rate, blood transfer, breathing rate)
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment (ex: body temp, blood sugar levels)
Stimulus
Change in a variable (regulated)
Receptor
MONITOR a controlled condition
Control Center
Determines the next action (brain, spinal cord)
Effector
Receives signals/directions and produces a change
List the order of the cycle for Homeostasis
Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, homeostasis restored
Negative feedback
original stimulus is reversed (high blood pressure to low)
used for conditions that need frequent adjustments
Positive feedback
original stimulus is intensified (ex: contractions to induce birth, clotting, lactation)
Nucleic Acid
- stores genetic information
- makes proteins
Denature
straighten out a protein (heat, acid, radiation)
List the characteristics of life
Organization, responsiveness, growth, metabolism, regulation, reproduction
List the levels of organization
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system,
Systems in the body are
interrelated
Which two systems regulate the other nine systems?
- Nervous
- Endocrine
What is the net ATP at the end of the cycle
34 ATP
Examples of cell shapes
Spherical, biconcave, cylindrical, cube, column, irregular (squamous)
What are the 3 main structural features of a cell
- Maintains borders and shape
- Harvest energy and matter
- Waste management
Define osmosis
movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
“Where salt goes, water flows”
Osmotic pressure
Isotonic
no change (saline)
Hypotonic
blood cells shrink (distilled water)
Hypertonic
blood cells swell (salt water)
