unity and diversity-Water

Question 1

What cycles through the ground, the atmosphere, and the bodies of living things?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Why is water essential for life?

Answer 2

Water is needed by every living thing on Earth

Question 3

What is the chemical structure of a water molecule?

Answer 3

One oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Question 4

What property measures how strongly the nucleus of an atom attracts shared electrons?

Answer 4

Electronegativity

Question 5

What type of bond is formed due to the uneven sharing of electrons in water?

Answer 5

Polar covalent bond

Question 6

What type of molecule is water due to its charge distribution?

Answer 6

Polar molecule

Question 7

What type of intermolecular force holds water molecules together?

Answer 7

Hydrogen bond

Question 8

True or False: Hydrogen bonds in water are strong and do not break easily.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What term describes the attraction between ‘like’ molecules?

Answer 9

Cohesion

Question 10

What is the effect of cohesion in water transportation in plants?

Answer 10

It allows water to be pulled up through xylem against gravity

Question 11

What is the phenomenon called when water is pulled through narrow tubes due to cohesion and adhesion?

Answer 11

Capillary action

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Molecules that are attracted to water are called _______.

Answer 12

Hydrophilic

Question 13

What do we call molecules that do not have much chemical attraction to water?

Answer 13

Hydrophobic

Question 14

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

Answer 14

Plasma

Question 15

What is the main sugar transported in phloem sap?

Answer 15

Sucrose

Question 16

What unusual property of water allows ice to float?

Answer 16

Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid

Question 17

What is buoyancy?

Answer 17

A force that counteracts the force of gravity

Question 18

True or False: Water has a low specific heat capacity.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What is the main role of water in metabolic reactions?

Answer 19

It acts as a medium for chemical reactions

Question 20

What is the role of aquaporins in cell membranes?

Answer 20

They facilitate the movement of water into or out of the cell

Question 21

What is viscosity?

Answer 21

The flow and how much energy is needed to change the shape of a liquid.

Water has low viscosity compared to other liquids but greater viscosity than air.

Question 22

What is thermal conductivity?

Answer 22

The ability of a substance to transfer heat when there is a temperature difference.

Water has a high thermal conductivity compared to other liquids, except liquid metals.

Question 23

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 23

How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of a substance.

Water has a high specific heat capacity due to hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Question 24

What adaptations do ringed seals have for swimming?

Answer 24

Hydrodynamic shape, powerful flippers, and low-density blubber.

These adaptations reduce drag and increase buoyancy in water.

Question 25

Why do ringed seals struggle on solid ice?

Answer 25

They appear heavy and awkward because air is less buoyant than water. ## Footnote Their flippers and shape are less useful on solid ice.

Question 26

How do ringed seals retain body heat in cold climates?

Answer 26

Insulating blubber, building lairs under snow. ## Footnote The low thermal conductivity of blubber reduces heat loss.

Question 27

What is the role of blubber in ringed seals?

Answer 27

Insulation to reduce heat loss. ## Footnote It helps retain body heat in cold water.

Question 28

What adaptations do black-throated loons have for flight?

Answer 28

Hydro- and aerodynamic shape, large wings for lift. ## Footnote This minimizes drag while swimming and flying.

Question 29

What is lift in the context of flight?

Answer 29

A mechanical force acting through the center of pressure, pushing an object upward. ## Footnote It is crucial for the black-throated loon during flight.

Question 30

How do loons maintain body heat?

Answer 30

Insulating layer of air and down feathers, exclusion of water with oiled feathers. ## Footnote The low thermal conductivity of these materials helps retain heat.

Question 31

What is the Goldilocks zone?

Answer 31

The orbital distance from a star where conditions are just right for liquid water. ## Footnote Earth is located in the Goldilocks zone.

Question 32

What is the significance of liquid water for extraterrestrial life?

Answer 32

It is believed to be essential for life as we know it. ## Footnote The presence of liquid water influences the search for life beyond Earth.

Question 33

How did water arrive on Earth?

Answer 33

Through collisions with water-rich asteroids and comets. ## Footnote This occurred during Earth's early formation.

Question 34

Why does Earth retain water?

Answer 34

Due to gravity and the cooling of the planet. ## Footnote Gravity helps keep water from escaping into space.

Question 35

What are the cohesive properties of water?

Answer 35

Water molecules are cohesive, leading to surface tension. ## Footnote This allows some animals to live on the surface of water.

Question 36

What does it mean if a substance is hydrophilic?

Answer 36

It is adhesive to polar and charged substances. ## Footnote Water is hydrophilic, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

Question 37

What is the relationship between water and metabolism?

Answer 37

Water is a solvent for substrates and enzymes necessary for metabolic processes. ## Footnote This allows organisms to transport dissolved substances.

Question 38

True or False: Water has high thermal conductivity compared to air.

Answer 38

True. ## Footnote Water conducts heat much better than air.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The _______ of a planet is crucial for the presence of liquid water.

Answer 39

[Goldilocks zone]. ## Footnote It refers to the optimal distance from a star.

Question 40

What are some challenges facing Arctic wildlife due to climate change?

Answer 40

Loss of ice and difficulty finding insulated lairs. ## Footnote Ringed seals have struggled to survive as conditions change.