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EARTH SCIENCE > UNIVERSE > Flashcards

UNIVERSE Flashcards

1
Q

How old is the Universe?

A

13.8 Billion Years

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2
Q

How old is the Earth / Solar System?

A

4.5 - 4.6 years old

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3
Q

Any explanation of the origin of the Universe should be consistent with all information about its what?

A

composition, structure, accelerating expanision, and cosmic microwave background radiation

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4
Q

The Universe comprises what?

A

space and time, and all matters and energy in it

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5
Q

What percentage is the Universe made of?

A

4.6% baryonic matter, 24% cold dark matter, and 71.4% dark energy

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6
Q

What is the 4.6% baryonic/ordinary matter?

A

consisting of protons, electrons, neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies

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7
Q

What is the 24% cold dark matter?

A

A matter that has gravity but does not emit light

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8
Q

What is the 71.4% dark energy?

A

Source of Antigravity

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9
Q

3 abundant elements?

A

Helium, Lithium, and Hydrogen

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10
Q

A galaxy is a cluster/s of what?

A

A cluster of billion of stars and cluster of galaxies from superclusters

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11
Q

The galaxy is an organization of matter in the universe that suggests that it is indeed clumpy at a certain scale. But at a large scale, it is?

A

Homogeneous and Isotropic

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12
Q

The diameter of the universe is possibly _________ but should be at least _________.

A

The diameter of the universe is possibly INFINITE but should be at least 91 billion light years

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13
Q

Who and what year was the discovery of “Redshift” was announced?

A

Edward Hubble in 1929

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14
Q

The “Redshift” became an evidence predicted in what theory?

A

Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity

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15
Q

It is the interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other. It is also the displacement of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths (the red end of the spectrum) in radiation from distant galaxies and celetial objects.

A

Redshift

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16
Q

the interference that the star or galaxy must be moving away from each other

A

Redshift

17
Q

It was accidentally discovered in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson which earned a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978

A

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

18
Q

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a?

A

Electromagnetic radiation left over from an early stage stage of the Big Bang cosmology

19
Q

There is what radiation in the universe?

A

pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation

20
Q

They believe in many gods and myths which narrate that the world arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun

A

Ancient Egyptians

21
Q

What country narrates that the gods punished Purusha, the primal man whose head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon respectively?

A

India

22
Q

What are the 3 monotheistic religions claim that a supreme being created the universe, including man and organisms?

A

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

23
Q

A model that was rejected by the discovery of CMB?

A

Steady-State Model

24
Q

Who proposed Steady-State Model and what year was it proposed?

A

Bandi, Gold, and Hayle proposed the model in 1948

25
Q

In Steady State Model, matter is _______ as the Universe expands?

A

constantly created

26
Q

In Big Bang Model, matter ________ as the Universe expands

A

dilutes

27
Q

It is the currently accepted theory of the origin and evolution of the universe

A

Big Bang Theory

28
Q

Big Bang Theory postulates that ______…

A

13.8 billion years ago, the universe expanded from a tiny, dense, and hot mass to its present size and much cooler state

29
Q

The Big Bang Theory explains?

A

how the elements were initially formed the formation of different elements involved many nuclear reactions

30
Q

What are the nuclear reaction/s formed in the Big Bang Theory?

A

Fusion, Fission, and Radioactice Decay

31
Q

5 Key Stages of Big Bang Theory?

A

Singularity, Inflation, Nucleosynthesis, Recombination, and Annihilation

32
Q

A point in space and/or a movement in time where the universe was infinitely hot and dense

A

Singularity

33
Q

It is a theory of exponential expansion of space and in early universe. Its inflationary epoch lasted from 10^-36.

A

Inflation

34
Q

It is a process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primarily protons and neutrons

A

Nucleosynthesis

35
Q

refers to the epoch at which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms

A

Recombination

36
Q

In physics, reaction in which a particle and its antiparticle collide and disappear, releasing energy

A

Annihilation

EARTH SCIENCE (5 decks)

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