University Flashcards
Quantitative
research
This type of research
gathers numerical
data and analyzes it
via mathematical
methods.
Qualitative research
This type of research
gathers non-numerical data and analyzes it through
meaning interpretation.
Correlation
If two phenomena
are related in some
way or have some
sort of connection,
they are considered
correlated.
Causality
If one phenomenon
is found to affect or
influence another,
they are said to have
a causal relationship
Induction
This is a process by
which individual
cases are used to
derive a generalization.
Deduction
This is a process by
which a general
premise is applied to
specific, individual
cases.
Primary and secondary data
Primary data are
generated for the
investigation, while
secondary data were
originally collected
for a purpose outside the research
project.
Experimental investigations
These types of investigations take place
in a planned environment
affidavit
A written declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized officer.
A written declaration upon oath; a statement of facts in writing signed by the affiant, and sworn to or confirmed by a declaration before a notary public, a magistrate, or other authorized officer.
A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate.
ethos
Ethos is a Greek word meaning “character” that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology;
postulate
To assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument.
To propose as a hypothesis or explanation.
To assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted.
Mertonian norms (CUDOS Principles)
four sets of institutional imperatives taken to comprise the ethos of modern science… communism, universalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism
Evidence
“the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid”
Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies. Meta-analytic results are considered the most trustworthy source of evidence by the evidence-based medicine literature
Science and research
A complex interconnection of perspectives, a set of logical arguments, experiments and tests that substantiate findings and theories
Closed research question
A question about numerically explainable results
Open research question
A question about opinions, preferences, attitudes, experiences
Scientific paper structure
- Table of contents
- List of figures (optional)
- List of tables (optional)
- List of abbreviations (if needed)
- Text part
5A. Introduction
5B. Body (theoretical foundations, methods section, own results and discussions)
5C. Conclusion - Bibliography
- Appendix (if needed)
Bibliography
- The history, identification, or description of writings or publications
- A list often with descriptive or critical notes of writings relating to a particular subject, period, or author a bibliography of modern poetry
- The works or a list of the works referred to in a text or consulted by the author in its production
Empirical
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Citation
A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Artefact
An object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest.
Saturation
In data collection, saturation is said to have been achieved if no new findings are generated despite the inclusion of new data.
Plagiarism
The copying or paraphrasing of other people’s work or ideas into your own work without full acknowledgment
