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URINARY SYSTEM > Unri > Flashcards

Unri Flashcards

1
Q

Major excretory system of the body

A

The urinary system

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2
Q

Urinary function

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Regulation of blood volume and pressure
  3. Regulation of blood solute concentration
  4. Regulation of extracellular fluid ph
  5. ”” red blood cell synthesis
  6. ”” Vitamin D synthesis
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3
Q

Components of urinary system

A
  1. TWO KIDNEYS
  2. TWO ureters
  3. One urinary bladder
  4. One urethra
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4
Q

Kidney Characteristic

A
  1. Bilateral retroperitoneal
  2. Bean shape
  3. Weigh 5 ounces (Bar of soap or size of fist)
  4. Between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae
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5
Q

Connective tissue around each kidney

A

Renal capsule

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6
Q

Protects and acts as barrier

A

Renal capsule

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7
Q

Indentation

A

Hilum

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8
Q

Contains renal artery, veins, nerves and ureter

A

Hilum

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9
Q

Contains renal pelvis, blood vessel and fat

A

Renal sinus

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10
Q

Outer portion

A

Renal cortex

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11
Q

Inner portion

A

Renal medulla

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12
Q

Cone shaped structures in medulla, project into cortex

A

Renal pyramid

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13
Q

Tip of pyramid which drains into calyces

A

Renal papillae

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14
Q

Where calyces join and narrow to form ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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15
Q

Functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

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16
Q

_______ One million nephron??

A

Each kidney

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17
Q

Appx. 15% are??

A

Juxtamedullary

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18
Q

The nephron includes… ?

A
  1. Renal corpuscle
  2. Proximal convoluted tubule
  3. Loop of henle
  4. Distal convoluted tubule
  5. Collecting ducts
19
Q

Types of nephrons

A
  1. Juxtamedullary neph
  2. Cortical neph
  3. Renal corpuscle
20
Q

Deep in the cortex near the medulla

A

Renal corpuscle

21
Q

Extend deep into the medulla

A

Long loop of henle

22
Q

Well adapted for water conservation

A

Juxtamedullary

23
Q

15% of nephrons

A

Juxtamedullary

24
Q

Renal corpuscle distributed throughout the cortex

A

Cortical nephrons

25
Q

Loops of henle are shorter and closer to the outer edge of the cortex than juxtamedullary

A

Cortical nephrons

26
Q

To filter blood

A

Renal corpuscle

27
Q

Ball of yarn/ network of capillaries

A

Glomerulus

28
Q

Enlarged end of nephron that surrounds glomerulus

A

Bowman’s capsule

29
Q

Contains podocytes

A

Bowman’s capsule

30
Q

Prodocytes

A

Specialized cells around glomerular capillaries

31
Q

Highly permeable due to the presence of pores.

A

Porous capillaries

32
Q

Large proteins and blood cells can fit through it.

A

Porous capillaries

33
Q

Bowman’s capsule consists of two layers

A
  1. Outer layer - simple squamous epithelial cells that becomes cube- shaped
  2. Inner layer - prodocytes that wraps around glomerulus capillaries
34
Q

Chsracteristics of renal corpuscle

A
  1. High pressure
  2. Afferent arteriole - supplies blood to the glomerulus for filtration ( high pressure capillaries)
  3. Efferent arteriole - transports the filtered to blood away from glomerulus. ( smaller diamter)
    4.
35
Q

Structures in the cospuscle make up of?

A

Filtration membrane

36
Q

is the fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries. Enters the lumen inside the Bowman capsule.

A

Filtrate

37
Q

specialized cells of the afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule in close contact with each other.

A

Juxtaglomerulus

38
Q

specialized
smooth muscle cells located where the
alteren arerole enters he renal corpuscle

A

Juxtaglomerulus cells

39
Q

part of the distal convoluted tubule that lies between the afferent and efferent arterioles next to the renal corpuscle.

A

Macula densa

40
Q

is an important regulatory structure.

A

Juxtaglomerulus apparatus

41
Q

renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus plays an important role in the regulation of filtrate formation and blood pressure.

A

Secretion of the enzyme

42
Q

• where filtrate passes first
• drains filtrate from Bowman capsule

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

43
Q

• contains descending and ascending loops
• water and solutes pass through thin walls by diffusion

A

Loops of henle

URINARY SYSTEM (1 decks)

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