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Science 9 > Unti 3 - Topic 5 > Flashcards

Unti 3 - Topic 5 Flashcards

1
Q 
Early 1800s
1930s
1975
1999
Now
A 
About 1 billion ppl 
Doubled 
Doubled
6 billion
7 billion
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2
Q

Non-persistent pollutants

A

Wastes that can be broken down into simple non-polluting compounds by naturally occurring chemical reactions, or bacterial action

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3
Q

Persistent pollutants

A

Accumulate in environment

Break down slowly, or perhaps not at all

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4
Q

Examples of np

A

Fertilizers
Sewage
Organic matter
Fruits and veggies

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5
Q

Examples of p

A

Pesticides
Petroleum products
Heavy metal wastes

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6
Q

Damage caused by … irreversible

A

Persistent pollutants

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7
Q

Most pollutants eventually find way into … through …

A 
Water 
Washed out of atmosphere by
- Acid precipitation 
- Normal precipitation 
Direct seepage
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8
Q

Honeybee colonies used

A

Indicate presence of hazardous materials in environment

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9
Q

Why honeybees used for monitoring

A

Live under many dif environmental conditions

Colonies introduced almost anywhere hazardous substances suspected

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10
Q

Electronic beehives

A

University of Montana
Provide useful info about environment
Record every bees behaviour

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11
Q

Bees behaviour includes

A

How often it flies
Pollen gathered
How bees control environment in hives

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12
Q

Pollutants brought into hives detected using

A

Electronic instruments attached to hives

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13
Q

Most likely source of phosphorus

A

Phosphates

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14
Q

Phosphates occur naturally

A

In most soil and water below 0.5 ppm

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15
Q

Nitrogen available most often in

A

Nitrates

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16
Q

Clean water naturally contains

A

0.1-0.3 ppm of nitrates

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17
Q

Excessive amount of nitrates in water

A

Usually sign of decomposition of organic matter

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18
Q

Algae

A

Type of aquatic micro-organism capable of photosynthesis

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19
Q

Algal bloom

A

Dense growth of algae
Result of excess phosphates and nitrates that enter water sources from Sewage and run-off
Proper
Large increase in pop of algae due to increased level of nutrients in water system

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20
Q

When algae dies

A

Decomposition of it leads to low levels of 02

Leads to death/injury f aquatic animals

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21
Q

Pungent decay smell indicates

A

Process of algal bloom occurring

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22
Q

Water-quality technicians/dye

A

Used frequently tot rack movement of wastes in sewage systems
Used to locate pipes needing repair

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23
Q

Dyes problems and temporary solution

A

Hard to spot in large systems

Caffeine suggested

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24
Q

Caffeine problem

A

No natural occurrence in environment apart from human waste
Study in Seattle, Washington found two-thirds test sites polluted w/ caffeine
Motorists and coffee-stand operators dumping cold coffee into sewer systems
Dye method had to remain in place

25
Q

Softeners

A

Usually sodium carbonate
In laundry and dishwater detergents
Help soaps remain effective in hard water

26
Q

Hard water contains

A

Calcium, magnesium p, and/or iron salts

27
Q

Salts in hard water

A

React w/ soap suds to form curds and reduce cleaning power of soap
Binds to carbonate instead of soap suds

28
Q

Turbulent water

A

More oxygen mixed into it

29
Q

Temperature/dissolved oxygen

A

Temp. Affects how much dissolved oxygen can be held in water

30
Q

Biological indicators

A

Living organism whose states are indicative of conditions of conditions in particular environment

31
Q

Pollution … amount of dissolved 02 in water

A

Decreases

32
Q

Pollutants/animals in area

A

Decrease # and variety of organism s in affected area

33
Q

Clean zone

A 
8ppm 
Trout
Perch
Bass
Mayfly 
Stonefly
Caddies fly larvae
34
Q

Decomp. Zone

A

Oxygen sag
Carp
Catfish
Leeches

35
Q

Septic Zone

A 
Nastiest
2 ppm
No fish
Sludge worms 
Idle and mosquito larvae
36
Q

Recovery Zone

A 
Oxygen increases
Carp
Catfish 
Leeches
Isopods
37
Q

Macroinvertebrates

A

Organisms visible to unaided eye

Having no backbone

38
Q

Macroinvertebrates examples

A 
Crustaceans 
Molluscs
Gastropoda
Oligochaetes 
Insects
39
Q

Crustaceans

A

Crayfish

40
Q

Molluscs

A

Clams

Mussels

41
Q

Gastropods

A

Snails

42
Q

Oligochaetes

A

Worms

43
Q

Most numerous form of macroinvertebrates

A

Larval forms of insects

So focus of most stream surveys

44
Q

Good quality (8-10 ppm)

A 
Stonefly nymph
Mayfly nymph
Caddisfly larvae 
Water penny beetle
Riffle beetle
Gilled snail
45
Q

Moderate quality (4-8 ppm)

A 
Dragonfly nymph
Damselfly nymph
Cranefly nymph 
Clams and mussels
Sow bug
Crayfish
46
Q

Poor quality (0-4 ppm)

A 
Midge larvae
Blackfly larvae
Pouch snail
Leech
Aquatic worm
Planorbid snail
47
Q

Lichens

A

Rootless organisms

Combination fo fungus and green alga or phot-synthetic bacteria

48
Q

One of hardiest organisms found on Earth

A

Lichen

49
Q

Lichens absorb all of nutrients

A

Directly from atmosphere

50
Q

Lichens cannot tolerate

A

Poor quality air

51
Q

Early warning system using lichens

A

Presence or absence of specific lichen varieties alerts scientists to presence of pollutants in area long before other organisms affected

52
Q

Point sources

A

Specific locations pollutants originate

53
Q

Point source examples

A 
Drainpipes 
Smokestacks 
Sewer out talks
Industrial effluent pipes
Acid draining out of abandoned mines
54
Q

Non-point sources

A

Source of pollution in which pollutants diffuse and originate from no specific location

55
Q

Non-point source examples

A 
Feedlots
Golf courses
Busy highways
Construction sights 
Fertilized fields 
Acid rain
56
Q

Type of pollutant harder to control + why

A

Non-point

Emissions don’t occur regularly

57
Q

Water pollution occurs w/

A

Bank erosion and bacterial deposition

58
Q

Algae may occur

A

Seasonally or due to pollution

Science 9 (21 decks)

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