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HOSA Pathophysiology > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Missing Teeth?

A

Altered bite, Temporomandibular Jaw Disease, Bolting (inadequate chewing), Nutrient Losses

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Missing Teeth?

A

Loss from dental decay, Injury, Congenitally missing, Impacted, prevented from erupting

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3
Q

How is Missing Teeth diagnosed?

A

Oral exam, Radiography (impacted or missing)

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4
Q

What are the treatments for Missing Teeth?

A

Prosthesis, Implant

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5
Q

What is the prognosis for Missing Teeth?

A

Good if implants successful

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6
Q

What are the prevention methods for Missing Teeth?

A

Proper oral hygiene, Mouth guard during sports

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Impacted Third Molar?

A

Pain, Impacting of back teeth

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Impacted Third Molar?

A

Develop 8-10 yrs, erupt 17-21, No room to erupt, Erupt at angle, food gets stuck leading to disease

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9
Q

How is Impacted Third Molar diagnosed?

A

Inspection for infection, Radiography

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10
Q

What are the treatments for Impacted Third Molar?

A

Antibiotic, Analgesic, Extraction

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11
Q

What is the prognosis for Impacted Third Molar?

A

Should be cured with treatment

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12
Q

What are the prevention methods for Impacted Third Molar?

A

None

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Pericoronitis?

A

Swelling and redness around tooth, Pain when biting, Foul breath

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Pericoronitis?

A

Infection around partially erupted tooth, Infection from food stuck between teeth

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15
Q

How is Pericoronitis diagnosed?

A

Inspection

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16
Q

What are the treatments for Pericoronitis?

A

Antibiotic, Analgesic

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17
Q

What is the prognosis for Pericoronitis?

A

Good, if compliant with antibiotics

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18
Q

What are the prevention methods for Pericoronitis?

A

Proper oral hygiene

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19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Dental Caries?

A

White spots on tooth surface, Toothache, Hypersensitivity, Unpleasant taste in mouth, Inflammation, Abscess

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20
Q

What is the etiology of Dental Caries?

A

Bacteria make acid when digesting sugar, Demineralization, Stomach acid can exacerbate

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21
Q

How is Dental Caries diagnosed?

A

Inspection, Radiography for extent

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22
Q

What are the treatments for Dental Caries?

A

Replace with amalgam, Root canal to replace pulp, Extraction if needed, Implant if needed

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23
Q

What is the prognosis for Dental Caries?

A

Good with fast treatment, Can spread fast

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24
Q

What are the prevention methods for Dental Caries?

A

Proper oral hygiene, Limit sugar

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25
What are the signs and symptoms of Discoloured Teeth?
Teeth are yellow or brown, May have spots, patches, or lines
26
What is the etiology of Discoloured Teeth?
Age (yellow), Smoking (brown), Wine, coffee, tea, blueberries, Drugs (tetracycline during childhood), Mouthwash, Pertussis/measles (patches), Excess fluoride (while or brown), Hereditary factors
27
How is Discoloured Teeth diagnosed?
Oral exam
28
What are the treatments for Discoloured Teeth?
Polish, if superficial, Bleaching, capping if deep, Cosmetic whitening
29
What is the prognosis for Discoloured Teeth?
Good within range of treatment
30
What are the prevention methods for Discoloured Teeth?
Avoid smoking, drinking, caffeine, Whitening products
31
What are the signs and symptoms of Gingivitis?
Red, soft, shiny gums, Easy gum bleeding, Loss of teeth, severe, Can lead to periodontitis
32
What is the etiology of Gingivitis?
Common cause of toothache, Plaque (creates pocket between gum and tooth for food to get trapped), Vitamin deficiency, Glandular disorders, Blood disease, Viral infection, Certain meds, Pregnant/diabetics more susceptible
33
How is Gingivitis diagnosed?
Dentist confirmation
34
What are the treatments for Gingivitis?
Removal of plaque, Antibacterial mouthwash, Anesthesia for thorough cleanse, Oral antibiotic if needed, Treatment for loosened teeth and bone damage
35
What is the prognosis for Gingivitis?
80% population suffers, Best to treat underlying causes
36
What are the prevention methods for Gingivitis?
Oral hygiene, Avoid brushing too much, Remove plaque
37
What are the signs and symptoms of Periodontitis?
Unpleasant taste in mouth, Halitosis (bad breath), Sensitivity, Pain while chewing, Abscesses, Loose/falling teeth
38
What is the etiology of Periodontitis?
End result of gingivitis, Bacteria destroy bone/teeth, Smoking, Meds, Chemo, Diabetes/HIV, Stress, Poor nutrition, Pregnancy
39
How is Periodontitis diagnosed?
Measure depth of pockets, Radiography to check bone damage
40
What are the treatments for Periodontitis?
Tooth cleaning, if mild, Antibiotics, Surgery, if unresponsive, Tissue graft
41
What is the prognosis for Periodontitis?
Varies with extent
42
What are the prevention methods for Periodontitis?
Professional cleaning, Proper oral hygiene
43
What are the signs and symptoms of Oral Tumors?
Small, pale lumps, Benign: grow over time, not life threatening, Malignant: Not painful till advanced, can metastasize
44
What is the etiology of Oral Tumors?
Unknown, tobacco makes worse
45
How are Oral Tumors diagnosed?
Evaluation by oral surgeon, physician, Biopsy for malignancy
46
What are the treatments for Oral Tumors?
Benign: Observe to make sure no malignancy. Excise if easily irritated
47
What is the prognosis for Oral Tumors?
Benign: usually curable with excision
48
What are the prevention methods for Oral Tumors?
Avoid chronic irritation to lips and mouth, Evaluate any lumps ASAP
49
What are the signs and symptoms of Malocclusion?
Faulty bite, Protrusion/recession of jaw, Turned/twisted teeth, Crowding, Mastication issues
50
What is the etiology of Malocclusion?
Hereditary, Early loss of primary teeth, Thumb sucking, Airway issues, Shifting teeth to fill in gaps
51
How is Malocclusion diagnosed?
Oral exam, Radiography
52
What are the treatments for Malocclusion?
Braces, Extraction, Surgical removal of jaw parts, Combining crowns to fill in gaps
53
What is the prognosis for Malocclusion?
Favourable with treatment
54
What are the prevention methods for Malocclusion?
None for hereditary, Don't suck thumb, Address airway issues
55
What are the signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?
Limited jaw movement, Clicking sounds while chewing, Jaw/ear pain, Headaches, Dizziness, Feelings of pressure, Tinnitus, Sinus/muscle pain, Inadequate chewing
56
What is the etiology of Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?
Unbalanced muscle activity
57
How is Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ) diagnosed?
Oral exam, Inspection for infection, Biopsy in case of neoplasm
58
What are the treatments for Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?
Inflammatory causes: NSAIDs, Joint restructuring, Physical therapy, Stress counselling
59
What is the prognosis for Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?
Mild cases respond well to rest, Chronic cases need extended treatment
60
What are the prevention methods for Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?
Identify and treat underlying conditions
61
What are the signs and symptoms of Tooth Abscess?
Aches and throbs persistently, Pain when biting/chewing, Swollen/tender glands, Fever can develop, General malaise
62
What is the etiology of Tooth Abscess?
Decaying/dying tooth, Exposed dental nerve, Receding gums, exposed root, Dead pulp invade surrounding tissue and jaw bone, leads to abscess
63
How is Tooth Abscess diagnosed?
See dentist ASAP
64
What are the treatments for Tooth Abscess?
Treat swelling to stop spread, Antibiotics, stop pain and swelling, Root canal, Dental crown filling, Apicectomy/extraction
65
What is the prognosis for Tooth Abscess?
Early intervention and antibiotic treatment has best prognosis
66
What are the prevention methods for Tooth Abscess?
Proper oral hygiene, Regular checkups
67
What are the signs and symptoms of Mouth Ulcers?
Pale yellow spots with red outline, Aphthous: clusters, lasts 3-4 days, Traumatic: single and larger, lasts a week or more
68
What is the etiology of Mouth Ulcers?
Aphthous ulcers: caused by stress or illness, Traumatic ulcers: injury
69
How are Mouth Ulcers diagnosed?
Blood test, Biopsy
70
What are the treatments for Mouth Ulcers?
Antiseptic/steroid mouthwash, Warm saltwater rinse, Analgesics for pain, Avoid salt/spice, Antiviral cream/oral agent
71
What is the prognosis for Mouth Ulcers?
Most ulcers heal spontaneously in a week
72
What are the prevention methods for Mouth Ulcers?
None
73
What are the signs and symptoms of Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?
Cold sore blisters, lasts few hours or days, Red, swollen gums, Tingling and numbness around mouth, Vesicles appear
74
What is the etiology of Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?
Herpes type 1, common cause, Virus can lie dormant, Stress, stimulants and nicotine can cause reoccurrence
75
How is Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) diagnosed?
Oral exam, Isolate virus from lesions
76
What are the treatments for Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?
No cure, Mild cases, no treatment, Severe cases, medical attention, Antiviral medication/ointment
77
What is the prognosis for Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?
Usually clears up uneventfully in 2 weeks, Reoccurs with trauma/stress
78
What are the prevention methods for Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?
Early antivirals, Avoid people with cold sores, Gentle cleanse with antiseptic soap
79
What are the signs and symptoms of Thrush (Yeast Infection)?
Sore, pale yellow patches on mouth and throat, Burning sensation in mouth, Light bleeding possible, Common in children, elderly and immunodeficient
80
What is the etiology of Thrush (Yeast Infection)?
Fungal infection, candida albicans (fungus that most people have), Chance increased with prolonged antibiotic use, such as during chemo or diabetes meds
81
How is Thrush (Yeast Infection) diagnosed?
Oral exam, Blood test to isolate underlying conditions
82
What are the treatments for Thrush (Yeast Infection)?
Antifungal medication
83
What is the prognosis for Thrush (Yeast Infection)?
Tends to be reoccurring in some patients, Can spread to other body parts, Treat ASAP for best results
84
What are the prevention methods for Thrush (Yeast Infection)?
Early antivirals, Avoid people with cold sores, Gentle cleanse with antiseptic soap, Rinse mouth well after using corticosteroids

HOSA Pathophysiology (1 decks)

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