Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is mass communication?

Answer 1

The dissemination of messages from one source to a large number of receivers.

Question 2

What are the purposes of mass communication?

Answer 2

Inform, entertain, persuade.

Question 3

What is social cognitive theory?

Answer 3

Individuals learning by observing and modeling others’ behavior.

Question 4

What is cultivation theory?

Answer 4

Regular exposure to media affects attitudes, beliefs, and judgment of reality.

Question 5

What is agenda setting and framing?

Answer 5

Media shaping which issues get talked about (setting) and influences how we talk about the issue (framing).

Question 6

What is entertainment education?

Answer 6

Intentional placement of educational content in entertainment messages.

Question 7

What is the third person effect?

Answer 7

Perception that one is less susceptible to the effects of media portrayals than others.

Question 8

What is direct to consumer advertising (DTC)?

Answer 8

Targets everyday people through media to persuade them to ask their provider about particular products.

Advantages: democratizes health info, prompts patients to ask questions. Disadvantages: downplay risks, doctors may feel pressured to prescribe.

Question 9

What is traditional media?

Answer 9

Mass audience, unidirectional.

Example: TV, billboards, radio.

Question 10

What is new media?

Answer 10

Bidirectional, audience segmentation.

Example: social media.

Question 11

What is a health campaign?

Answer 11

Systematic efforts to influence people to engage in health-enhancing behaviors.

Question 12

What is segmentation in health campaigns?

Answer 12

Identifying specific groups who are alike in important ways and whose involvement is important to the purpose of the campaign.

Question 13

What is psychological reactance theory?

Answer 13

When a message threatens people’s freedom.

Example: negative thoughts, ‘this message is stupid.’

Question 14

What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

Answer 14

We tend to better remember high-involvement messages and are more likely to act on them.

Question 15

What does the Theory of Reasoned Action suggest?

Answer 15

The decision to engage in a particular behavior is the result of a rational process evaluating behavioral options and consequences.

Question 16

What are subjective norms?

Answer 16

Social pressures that influence an individual’s behavior.

Question 17

What are behavioral intentions?

Answer 17

An individual’s readiness to perform a given behavior.

Question 18

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

Answer 18

An extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action that includes perceived behavioral control.

Question 19

What is the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?

Answer 19

A model that includes 5 steps for behavior change.

Question 20

What are gain-frame appeals?

Answer 20

Emphasizes the advantages of performing the recommended behavior.

Question 21

What are loss-frame appeals?

Answer 21

Emphasizes the negative repercussions of not taking action.

Question 22

What are narrative messages?

Answer 22

Messages designed to increase identification, elicit an emotional response, and transport the audience.

Question 23

What are emotional appeals?

Answer 23

Suggest that people feel a certain way regarding their health and behaviors.

Question 24

What are positive-affect appeals?

Answer 24

A sense of accomplishment, honor, fun, happiness.

Question 25

What are negative-affect appeals?

Answer 25

Anxiety, guilt, fear.

Question 26

What is an efficacy study?

Answer 26

People are exposed to campaign messages in a controlled environment.

Question 27

What is an effectiveness study?

Answer 27

Studying campaign effects in the context of people's everyday lives.

Question 28

What is public health?

Answer 28

The practice of protecting and improving the health of people in a community. ## Footnote Example: epidemics, foodborne illnesses, natural disasters.

Question 29

What is risk communication?

Answer 29

An ongoing process that involves disseminating information and engaging in interactive discussions about risk perception.

Question 30

What does level of hazard refer to?

Answer 30

The amount of damage a risk may potentially cause.

Question 31

What does level of outrage refer to?

Answer 31

The amount of concern the public has about a risk.

Question 32

What is crisis communication?

Answer 32

An approach for providing information that allows people to make the best possible decisions under time constraints.

Question 33

What are the WHO guidelines for crisis communication?

Answer 33

Plan in advance, build trust, engage communities, use multiple channels, monitor, evaluate, and adjust.

Question 34

What does the IDEA model stand for?

Answer 34

I: Internalization, D: Distribution, E: Explanation, A: Specific steps people might take in an emergency.

Question 35

What is the CERC model?

Answer 35

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication: five crisis phases.

Question 36

What are the five phases of the CERC model?

Answer 36

Pre-crisis, initial event, maintenance, resolution, evaluation.

Question 37

What is eHealth?

Answer 37

The use of technology to transcend geographical distance in promoting good health.

Question 38

What is mHealth?

Answer 38

The use of devices such as smartwatches, mobile phones, tablets, and computers in promoting health.

Question 39

What is telehealth?

Answer 39

The use of technology to facilitate long-distance health care, education, and disaster responses.

Question 40

What is information seeking?

Answer 40

Active or intentional search for information.

Question 41

What is information scanning?

Answer 41

Passive receipt of information.

Question 42

What does the Health Information Acquisition Model state?

Answer 42

Information seeking is prompted by more than just uncertainty.

Question 43

What is the Theory of Motivated Information Management?

Answer 43

People seek information when they are anxious and feel it would be helpful to learn more.

Question 44

What is the integrative model of online health information seeking?

Answer 44

Social structures and inequities influence how able and motivated people are to seek eHealth information.

Question 45

What is the digital divide?

Answer 45

Differences in access to and/or use of information technologies.

Question 46

What is first-level digital divide?

Answer 46

Refers to access to technology.

Question 47

What is second-level digital divide?

Answer 47

Refers to skills and use of technology.

Question 48

What are electronic health records?

Answer 48

Online health records of individuals' medical history.

Question 49

What are threats to privacy in eHealth?

Answer 49

Current eHealth issues that worry patients about their medical history getting leaked.

Question 50

What is the patient-provider relationship?

Answer 50

Reduces communication and creates distance between the patient and the provider.

Question 51

What are media effects?

Answer 51

The many ways that people are affected by media exposure/consumption.

Question 52

How does media affect body image?

Answer 52

Pathologizing the human body, making natural functions seem weird and unnatural. ## Footnote Example: eating disorders, body dissatisfaction.

Question 53

How does media affect mental illness?

Answer 53

Research suggests that media depictions of mental illness are overwhelmingly dramatic and distorted.

Question 54

What are the four steps in planning a health campaign?

Answer 54

1. Define the situation and potential benefits. 2. Analyze and segment the audience. 3. Establish campaign goals and objectives. 4. Select channels of communication.

Question 55

What are the steps 5-7 in implementing a health campaign?

Answer 55

5. Design campaign messages. 6. Pilot and implement the campaign. 7. Evaluate and maintain the campaign.

Question 56

What does the health belief model explain?

Answer 56

What motivates health behavior change based on five considerations.

Question 57

What are the three ethical considerations for health promoters?

Answer 57

1. Timing: did you warn the public? 2. Scapegoating: blame on one group. 3. Stigmatizing: undesirable stigmatizing.

Question 58

What are models for crisis communication?

Answer 58

WHO guidelines, IDEA model, CERC model.

Question 59

What are challenges of communicating risk/crisis?

Answer 59

Avoiding jargon, negotiating unequal comparisons of risk, expressing risk, counteracting contradictory messages.