Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is the NSA?

Answer 1

The NSA (National Security Act) is a major restructuring of U.S. military and intelligence agencies.

Passed in 1947 after WW2.

Question 2

What did the NSA create?

Answer 2

The NSA created the Department of Defense, CIA, U.S. Air Force, and National Security Council to improve coordination of foreign policy decisions.

Question 3

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 3

The Marshall Plan was an economic aid program created to stop the spread of communism by helping rebuild Western Europe after WW2.

Created by Secretary of State George Marshall.

Question 4

What did the Marshall Plan provide?

Answer 4

The Marshall Plan provided loans and grants that helped stabilize European economies and contain Soviet influence.

Question 5

What is NATO?

Answer 5

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was created by the USA in 1949 as a military alliance to fight the spread of communism.

Reflects Truman’s ‘Domino Effect’ and ‘Containment Theory’ doctrines.

Question 6

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 6

The Warsaw Pact was created by the Soviet Union in 1955 as a direct response to NATO, forming a military and economic pact to counter NATO’s influence.

Question 7

What was the significance of Brown Vs. Board of Education?

Answer 7

Brown Vs. Board of Education was a 1952 Supreme Court case that ruled segregated public schools unconstitutional, ending a century of legal segregation.

Question 8

What was the Sit-in Movement?

Answer 8

The Sit-in Movement began on February 1, 1960, when four African American college students protested segregated diners through peaceful resistance in Greensboro, NC.

Question 9

What was Freedom Summer?

Answer 9

Freedom Summer was a 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi where blacks and whites worked together to challenge segregation and register black voters.

Question 10

What was the Chinese Revolution?

Answer 10

The Chinese Revolution culminated in October 1949 with the Chinese Communist Party overthrowing the Nationalist regime and establishing the People’s Republic of China.

Question 11

What was the Loyalty Security Act?

Answer 11

The Loyalty Security Act was an executive order by Harry S. Truman designed to identify possible communists working in the Federal Government.

Created in reaction to the 2nd Red Scare.

Question 12

What are Reganomics?

Answer 12

Reganomics refers to the economic policies implemented by Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1989, featuring tax cuts, decreased social spending, increased military spending, and deregulation.

Question 13

What was the Korean War?

Answer 13

The Korean War (1950 - 1953) was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea involving the U.S., China, USSR, and NATO, starting when North Korea invaded South Korea.

Question 14

What was the Black Panther Party?

Answer 14

The Black Panther Party was an African American activist group founded in 1966 that practiced militant self-defense to achieve desegregation and contributed social programs.

Question 15

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 15

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 14-day confrontation in October 1962 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after Castro requested Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Question 16

What was the TET Offensive?

Answer 16

The TET Offensive was a major surprise attack by North Vietnamese during Lunar New Year in 1968, resulting in 111,179 casualties and causing U.S. public to lose faith in the war effort.

Question 17

Who was Emmett Till?

Answer 17

Emmett Till was an African American teen from Chicago murdered in Mississippi in 1955 after allegedly flirting with a white woman, bringing national attention to racism.

Question 18

What is Detente?

Answer 18

Detente was a period of improved U.S.-Soviet relations from 1971 to 1981, leading to the SALT treaty and reduced nuclear tensions.

Question 19

What was the Great Society?

Answer 19

The Great Society was Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic programs aimed at eliminating poverty and inequality, creating Medicare, Medicaid, and various anti-poverty initiatives.

Question 20

What is the United Nations?

Answer 20

The United Nations is an international organization founded in October 1945 after WWII to prevent another world war and replace the League of Nations.

Question 21

What is Stagflation?

Answer 21

Stagflation refers to the economic struggle of high unemployment and inflation during the 1970s, leading to policies like Reaganomics.

Question 22

What was the Roe v. Wade decision?

Answer 22

Roe v. Wade was a Supreme Court decision recognizing rights primarily with the woman regarding abortion.

Question 23

What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

Answer 23

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a 1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam.

Question 24

What was the Watergate Crisis?

Answer 24

The Watergate Crisis refers to the illegal activities of the Nixon Administration, including the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.

Question 25

What is OPEC?

Answer 25

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) was founded in 1960 by five members and owns 78% of the world's crude oil reserves.

Question 26

What was the Iran Hostage Crisis?

Answer 26

The Iran Hostage Crisis began in November 1979 when revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage.

Question 27

Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?

Answer 27

Mikhail Gorbachev was the head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, whose liberalization efforts improved relations with the West.

Question 28

What was the Iran-Contra Affair?

Answer 28

The Iran-Contra Affair was a scandal involving arms sales to the Middle East to fund the Contras in Nicaragua despite Congressional objections.

Question 29

What was the Invasion of Panama?

Answer 29

The Invasion of Panama occurred in 1989 when President Bush sent troops to overthrow General Manuel Noriega, who refused to yield power.

Question 30

What was Desert Storm?

Answer 30

Desert Storm was the code name for the U.S. and coalition partners' war against Iraq in early 1991 to liberate Kuwait.

Question 31

What was the War in Iraq?

Answer 31

The War in Iraq, also known as the war on terror, began in 2003 when Saddam Hussein was said to have Weapons of Mass Destruction, which were never found.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Fears that FDR described?

Answer 32

Freedom to Work

Question 33

How many objectives did A Philip Randolph enumerate for his original March on Washington?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

According to FDR's Four Freedoms Speech, what should be America's role in the world in January 1941?

Answer 34

We need to be willing to supply the world's democracies with necessary materials and prepare to defend ourselves.

Question 35

What example does Henry Commager give to show how progressivism rather than conformity could mean more for America's growth?

Answer 35

Commager argues that women standing as "free economic agents" would benefit the whole race.

Question 36

What did FDR think of those that thought in January of 1941 that the United States did not think that the United States needed to prepare for hostilities until they had been attacked?

Answer 36

He thought that they were being immature, unrealistic, and untruthful.

Question 37

Henry Commager argues that the US government in 1947 was equating loyalty with what?

Answer 37

Conformity.

Question 38

According to Executive Order 10730, President Eisenhower mobilized the military for what purpose?

Answer 38

To enable the desegregation of Central High in Little Rock AK.

Question 39

In the supreme court decision, Roe vs. Wade, the court recognized rights residing primarily with

Answer 39

the woman and the state of residence.

Question 40

What important information about Cesar Chavez's background is missing from his FBI file?

Answer 40

His distinguished military record.

Question 41

According to Brown vs. Board of Education, the supreme court combined cases from how many different states into their ruling?

Answer 41

4

Question 42

What is one major inconsistency in the argument against desegregation propounded by the signers of the Southern Manifesto?

Answer 42

They simultaneously assert the 14th amendment had nothing to do with schools, but later argue that Supreme Court Holmes argued that separate but equal in regulating public schools does not conflict with the 14th amendment.

Question 43

According to the Southern Manifest Document, what did many southern congressmen think of the Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education?

Answer 43

They thought that the Supreme Court had overstepped its bounds into legislation.

Question 44

What is the underlying threat in Executive Order 10730?

Answer 44

The Federal Government will enforce its laws.

Question 45

Having read the Federal Bureau of Investigation Report on Cesar Chavez, what seems to be the most common phrase throughout the file?

Answer 45

No subversive activities are known concerning...

Question 46

What is the best assessment in Roe vs. Wade?

Answer 46

Women have the right to choose an abortion while states have the right to limit that choice in certain ways.

Question 47

Stagflation

Answer 47

Stagflation (1970s) Who: Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan What: High unemployment and inflation. Why: OPEC oil boycott, loss of manufacturing jobs, and ending of the gold standard. Significance: Economic struggle led to policies like Reaganomics.

Question 48

Yalta Conference

Answer 48

Beginning of cold war (1945) meeting of the big three UK, USA, USSR Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill talked about dividing Germany into territorial occupations berlin gets divided commie eastern berlin and capitalist western berlin

Question 49

Iron Curtain

Answer 49

Imaginary line dividing Capitalist countries and Communist Countries. Western Europe and Eastern Europe

Question 50

Containment

Answer 50

Successful plan in containing and preventing communism from spreading into other places such as western europe and asia

Question 51

Red Summer

Answer 51

a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, and in one rural county in Arkansas.

Question 52

Rosenberg Trials

Answer 52

Alger Hiss against Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Sold national secrets to USSR for atomic bomb. discovered through venona papers 1951-1953

Question 53

Sweatt V. Painter 1950

Answer 53

Segregated law school in Texas was held to be an illegal violation of civil rights, leading to open enrollment.

Question 54

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 54

outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Question 55

Voting Rights act of 1965

Answer 55

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Question 56

Affirmative Action 1965

Answer 56

Established in 1965, Affirmative Action was the statistic holding of higher positions or just positions in general for racial or gender minorities. So, institutions and jobs would have to set aside a certain number of spots for women, a certain number of spots for blacks, etc.

Question 57

California Vs. Bakke

Answer 57

Case which challenged affirmative action laws and mandated that quotas can not be used.

Question 58

Domestic Policy

Answer 58

a set of plans for dealing with national problems

Question 59

Space Race

Answer 59

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

Question 60

Foreign Policy

Answer 60

A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations

Question 61

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Answer 61

In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.

Question 62

Berlin Wall

Answer 62

A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

Question 63

Immigration Act of 1965

Answer 63

Abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission each year of 170,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere

Question 64

Women's Liberation movement

Answer 64

1960s *Spurred by increasing employment opportunities and increasing numbers of educated women *The Movement questioned "traditional" definitions of women's roles *There became increased opportunities for women in work, education, and business *Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination by employers on the basis of gender *National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 to create equality between the sexes

Question 65

Equal Pay Act

Answer 65

1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work

Question 66

Title IX

Answer 66

A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

Question 67

Guerilla Warfare

Answer 67

type of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks against the enemy

Question 68

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 68

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Question 69

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 69

1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam

Question 70

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

Answer 70

Treaty signed in 1972 by the United States and the Soviet Union to slow the nuclear arms race.

Question 71

Watergate Crisis

Answer 71

Descriptive term for all illegal activities of the Nixon Administration ( not only for the break-in of Democratic Administration at Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C. involved the two different scandals: 1) General pattern of abuses of power by White House ("plumbers") & CREEP (Committee to Re-Elect the President) and 2) Watergate break-in itself & the cover-up.

Question 72

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Answer 72

founded in 1960 by five founding members: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Venezuela Owns 78% of world crude oil reserves

Question 73

Yom Kippur War

Answer 73

This was a war fought by Israel and neighboring Arab nations where the Arabs launched a surprise attack during Yom Kippur. U.S. support for Israel during the war led to OPEC boycotting the U.S., creating an energy crisis. (1972)

Question 74

Community Reinvestment Act

Answer 74

Required banks to make loans available in low income, minority communities. created by Jimmy Carter

Question 75

Camp David Accords

Answer 75

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel

Question 76

Iran Hostage Crisis

Answer 76

In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release. On January 20, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity.

Question 77

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 77

Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.

Question 78

Iran-Contra Affair

Answer 78

scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected

Question 79

Oliver North

Answer 79

American General who was involved with the Iran-Contra Scandal

Question 80

Invasion of Panama

Answer 80

1989. President Bush sent troops to overthrow General Manuel Noriega, who refused to yield power when his figurehead of a candidate was defeated in a national election. Noriega was under indictment in United States for drug trafficking.

Question 81

Desert Storm

Answer 81

The code name used by the United States and its coalition partners in waging war against Iraq in early 1991 to liberate Kuwait.

Question 82

Rodney King

Answer 82

Truck driver whose beating by Los Angeles police eventually led to the Los Angeles riots of 1992

Question 83

Health Care Reform

Answer 83

1993-1994; during Clinton's presidency, Dems were also in control of congress but his major health plan was going to fail so he withdrew it; even when non-divided government, president can still fail

Question 84

War in Iraq

Answer 84

also known as war on terror , Began in 2003 Saddam Hussein was said to have Weapons of Mass Destruction; none were found