Untitled Deck

Question 1

During what process: A ribosome assembles a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of mRNA

Answer 1

Translation

Question 2

Propose that the genetic code consists of blocks of information, each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein. The blocks of information was called-

Answer 2

Codons

Question 3

The strand of DNA that is not transcribed is called the-

Answer 3

Coding Strand

Question 4

To remove, nine coding sequences in the pre-mRNA eukaryotes, multiple snRNP combine with proteins to make a larger complex called

Answer 4

Splicosome

Question 5

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that pairs with bases on the mRNA is called-

Answer 5

Anticodon

Question 6

Specific amino acids that are attached to tRNA by

Answer 6

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases

Question 7

The template strand of a DNA segment that codes for mRNA has the sequence: ATGCGT. Which mRNA anticodons would pair with the mRNA that is coded for by the sequence?

Answer 7

AUG CGU

Question 8

Evolution acts at the level of

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

Genotypes are said to be in_________ equilibrium if there is random mating, and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next

Answer 9

Hardy-Weinberg

Question 10

Would produce the smallest evolutionary change in a given period of time in a population of birds-

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

If a cluster of very closely related flower species is found on the island, Shane in the South Pacific ocean is likely that each species evolved to fit a different_______ through the process of_________

Answer 11

Niche; Adaptive Radiation

Question 12

Which of the following statements about changes in these two types of mods as a result of industrial melanism is true?

Answer 12

The dark forms are selected against and non-polluted forests

Question 13

______ Is a feature of Archaeopteryx that clearly demonstrates that it was on the evolutionary line, leading from dinosaurs to birds

Answer 13

Feathers

Question 14

You would predict to see the US amino acid sequence substitutions in a protein between a human and ________

Answer 14

Orangutans

Question 15

Evolution does not violate the second law of thermodynamics, because-

Answer 15

Earth is not a close system; it constantly receives a input of energy from the sun

Question 16

The A, P, and E sites are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a polypeptide. These sites are part of

Answer 16

the large ribosomal subunit.

Question 17

In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs–

Answer 17

inside the nucleus.

Question 18

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules may contain noncoding sequences that must be removed before translation. These are called

Answer 18

introns.

Question 19

During translation, uncharged tRNA molecules leave the ribosome from the_________ site.

Answer 19

E

Question 20

The central dogma of biology can be stated as–

Answer 20

DNA→ RNA→ proteins.

Question 21

Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by _________, which unwinds and transcribes the gene.

Answer 21

RNA polymerase holoenzyme

Question 22

During translation, translocation refers to

Answer 22

moving the ribosome along the mRNA molecule.

Question 23

Given the sentence “THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT,” which of the following would represent a frameshift mutation?

Answer 23

THE FAC ATA TET HER EDR AT

Question 24

During the splicing reaction, the intron-exon junctions are recognized by—-

Answer 24

snRNPs.

Question 25

In prokaryotes, the RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of---

Answer 25

the core polymerase plus a sigma subunit.

Question 26

Gel_________ is a process that separates DNA or protein fragments according to their size, by causing them to migrate within a gel in response to an electric field.

Answer 26

electrophoresis

Question 27

An example of a commercially significant human protein produced in bacteria is_________. The gene for the protein is inserted into bacteria using specifically designed_________.

Answer 27

insulin; plasmids

Question 28

Which technique is used to amplify a desired piece of DNA?

Answer 28

PCR

Question 29

Scientists can distinguish between DNA of different individuals, thus making this information useful in criminal investigations. The technique used is called_________.

Answer 29

DNA fingerprinting

Question 30

Two strands of DNA that have been cut by an endonuclease can be sealed together by a/an_________.

Answer 30

ligase enzyme

Question 31

Conserved arrangements of segments of DNA in related genomes are referred to as--

Answer 31

synteny.

Question 32

The ENCODE project seeks to

Answer 32

identify the functional elements of the human genome.

Question 33

Sequences of DNA assembled by identifying overlaps among smaller DNA segments are known as

Answer 33

a contig.

Question 34

Distances on a genetic map are measured in_________ units.

Answer 34

centimorgan

Question 35

Using actual landmarks within DNA sequences, scientists can generate a_________ map.

Answer 35

physical

Question 36

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q are__________.

Answer 36

allele frequencies

Question 37

If a population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium then__________ would occur in that population.

Answer 37

no evolutionary changes

Question 38

Farmers choosing to consistently breed only corn with plumper kernels is an example of________

Answer 38

directional selection

Question 39

The degree of parental investment required often results in the nonrandom mating behavior called__________.

Answer 39

mate choice

Question 40

Male Mormon crickets choose larger females as their mates. Which of the following statements best interprets the graph?

Answer 40

Larger females lay more eggs.

Question 41

Reproductive success of an individual is known as__________

Answer 41

fitness

Question 42

Being born with extra fingers on a hand is called polydactyly. This is more common in some populations in North America than others due to

Answer 42

a founder effect.

Question 43

In the experiment above, guppy color patterns (spots) were measured in populations exposed to increasing amounts of predation. From this you could conclude that __________.

Answer 43

predators are more likely to catch and eat brightly colored guppies

Question 44

Domestication of dogs has led to__________.

Answer 44

a variety of phenotypes

Question 45

structures of animals that have different appearances and functions but seem to have evolved from the same body part in a common ancestor

Answer 45

Homologous structures

Question 46

Inhabitants of oceanic islands resemble forms of the nearest mainland but show some differences. This is an example of__________.

Answer 46

biogeography

Question 47

Birds with large beaks are favored during dry years.

Answer 47

is the correlation between beak depths of Geospiza fortis on the Galápagos island Daphne major and the dryness of the environment?

Question 48

Australian marsupial kangaroos and placental deer graze on grass with similar teeth. These species have__________.

Answer 48

undergone convergent evolution

Question 49

describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection

Answer 49

Industrial melanism

Question 50

One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is__________.

Answer 50

corn

Question 51

The size and shape of a finch's beak correlates with its _________

Answer 51

choice of food