Untitled Deck

Question 1

What does anthropogenic refer to?

Answer 1

Human-induced changes on the natural environment

Question 2

What are the scales of biodiversity?

Answer 2

Genetic, species, ecosystem

Question 3

What is species richness?

Answer 3

The number of species in a given area

Question 4

What is species diversity?

Answer 4

The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community.

Question 5

What happens to a species lacking in genetic diversity?

Answer 5

Increases the risk of extinction of a population through inbreeding depression

Question 6

What are the benefits to a genetically diverse species?

Answer 6

Allows species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding

Question 7

What is a population bottleneck?

Answer 7

A type of genetic drift in which population size is sharply reduced due to some catastrophic event

Question 8

What are provisioning services?

Answer 8

Products obtained from ecosystems

Question 9

What are regulating services?

Answer 9

The use of nonverbal cues to control the flow of communication (the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes)

Question 10

What are cultural services?

Answer 10

The relationship between humans and environments, considering culture as a key to understanding the evolutionary process

Question 11

What are supporting services?

Answer 11

Supporting services are the most basic natural cycles that nature needs to function.

Question 12

What is slash and burn agriculture?

Answer 12

A farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.

Question 13

What are examples of ecological services provided by wetlands?

Answer 13

Protecting and improving water quality, providing fish and wildlife habitats, storing floodwaters and maintaining surface water flow during dry periods.

Question 14

What are examples of ecological services provided by grasslands?

Answer 14

Disperse seeds, mitigate drought and floods, cycle and move nutrients, detoxify and decompose waste, control agricultural pests, maintain biodiversity, generate and preserve soils and renew their fertility, contribute to climate stability.

Question 15

What are examples of ecological services provided by forests?

Answer 15

Food, fuel, and fire

Question 16

What are ecosystem services?

Answer 16

There are four categories of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting.

Question 17

What are the results of human disruptions to ecosystem services?

Answer 17

Anthropogenic activities can disrupt ecosystem services, potentially resulting in economic and ecological consequences.

Question 18

What are the impacts of human activity on wetlands and mangroves?

Answer 18

Wetlands provide a variety of ecological services, including water purification, flood protection, water filtration, and habitat.

Question 19

What is the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography?

Answer 19

Extinction is higher on small islands than on larger islands

Question 20

What are immigration rates on islands?

Answer 20

Immigration is higher on near islands than on distant islands (in relation to the mainland)

Question 21

What are characteristics of invasive species?

Answer 21

A species must adapt to the new area easily, reproduce quickly, and harm property, the economy, or the native plants and animals of the region.

Question 22

Why are small populations susceptible to extinction?

Answer 22

Small populations tend to lose genetic diversity more quickly than large populations due to genetic drift

Question 23

What is island biogeography?

Answer 23

The study of the ecological relationships and distribution of organisms on islands, and of these organisms’ community structures.

Question 24

What is the role of island biogeography in evolution?

Answer 24

Many island species have evolved to be specialists versus generalists because of the limited resources, such as food and territory, on most islands.

Question 25

What is the range of tolerance?

Answer 25

The limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate

Question 26

Which aquatic biomes have the greatest range of salinity?

Answer 26

Estuaries and the ocean

Question 27

What is ecological tolerance?

Answer 27

The range of conditions in which a species can survive

Question 28

How can sudden or gradual environmental changes affect species?

Answer 28

Slow down evolution and harm habitats

Question 29

What is climate change?

Answer 29

A change in global or regional climate patterns

Question 30

What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?

Answer 30

The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels

Question 31

What are the five foundations of natural selection?

Answer 31

Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time, and Adaptation.

Question 32

What is adaptive radiation?

Answer 32

An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single ancestral species

Question 33

What is selective pressure?

Answer 33

When the environment pushes an individual or population to adapt or evolve

Question 34

What is coevolution?

Answer 34

Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other

Question 35

What are indicator species?

Answer 35

Species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded.

Question 36

What is a keystone species?

Answer 36

A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

Question 37

What is succession?

Answer 37

A series of predictable and orderly changes within an ecosystem over time.

Question 38

What is primary succession?

Answer 38

An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed

Question 39

What is secondary succession?

Answer 39

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

Question 40

What are pioneer species?

Answer 40

First species to populate an area during primary succession

Question 41

What is an example of pioneer species?

Answer 41

Mosses and lichens

Question 42

How does biodiversity typically change as succession progresses?

Answer 42

Species diversity commonly increases with succession

Question 43

Why are mosses and lichens so important to succession?

Answer 43

Promote soil formation by accelerating physical and chemical weathering, by trapping wind-blown organic and inorganic material, and by contributing directly to undecomposed organic matter.

Question 44

What are early successional species?

Answer 44

Species that occur only or primarily during early stages of succession

Question 45

What are mid-successional species?

Answer 45

Species that take over after early successional species and live longer and grow more slowly.

Question 46

What are late successional species?

Answer 46

Species that occur only or primarily in, or are dominant in late stages in succession.

Question 47

What is an example of early successional species?

Answer 47

Weedy areas, grasslands, old fields or pastures, shrub thickets (e.g. dogwood or alder), and young forest.

Question 48

What is an example of late successional species?

Answer 48

Douglas-fir and grand fir are the primary late successional tree species