Untitled Deck

Question 1

A, B, and C are linked genes. Recombination between A and B is 3%; between A and C is 6%; and between B and C is 9%. The order of these genes on the chromosome is

Answer 1

B-A-C

Question 2

What is a trait caused by an environmental influence that appears to be inherited?

Answer 2

Phenocopy

Question 3

How many genes does the human mitochondrial genome consist of?

Answer 3

37 genes (that encode 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs.)

Question 4

What gene controls X inactivation?

Answer 4

XIST gene

Question 5

What is the probability that June transmits colorblindness and ichthyosis to his son?

Answer 5

0% (sons inherit X-chromosome from the mother)

Question 6

What type of mutagens are acridine dyes?

Answer 6

Mutagens that disrupt the reading frame of the gene

Question 7

What is the characteristic shape of the mathematical plot for a multifactorial, polygenic trait?

Answer 7

Bell-shaped curve

Question 8

What are traditional ways of evaluating multifactorial traits?

Answer 8

Empiric risk and heritability

Question 9

What are DNA sequences that contribute to polygenic traits called?

Answer 9

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs)

Question 10

What are the human equivalent of opiates

Answer 10

endorphin and enkephalin

Question 11

Which neurotransmitters might contribute to causing autism if levels are abnormal?

Answer 11

Serotonin and GABA

Question 12

What does schizophrenia mean?

Answer 12

“Split mind”

Question 13

What condition may cause a person with narcolepsy to suddenly collapse?

Answer 13

Cataplexy

Question 14

What does it indicate if a cancer cell is injected into a healthy mouse and develops tumors?

Answer 14

Cancer is heritable/transplantable

Question 15

Where do mutational hot spots occur most often?

Answer 15

Regions where the DNA is repetitive/symmetrical

Question 16

What was the first single-gene disorder for which the mechanism of mutation was understood?

Answer 16

Sickle cell disease

Question 17

What term describes cancer cells that have lost their specializations?

Answer 17

Dedifferentiation/dedifferentiated

Question 18

What is a passenger mutation?

Answer 18

A mutation that does not cause or propel a cancer’s growth and spread

Question 19

What are genes that normally prevent cell division called?

Answer 19

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 20

What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 20

A mutation in a gene that encodes collagen

Question 21

In a heterozygote for two linked genes, what arrangement are the alleles in if both dominant alleles are on one chromosome?

Answer 21

Cis arrangement

Question 22

What does genetic heterogeneity refer to?

Answer 22

Mutations in different genes that cause the same symptoms

Question 23

What type of mutation causes sickle cell disease?

Answer 23

Missense mutation

Question 24

How is a mitochondrial trait passed?

Answer 24

From mothers to sons

Question 25

What affects the phenotype when one allele is imprinted?

Answer 25

Imprinting

Question 26

When can direct repeats cause mutation?

Answer 26

When homologs duplicate during meiosis

Question 27

In human males, genes on the X chromosome are expressed

Answer 27

true

Question 28

How many genes affect skin, hair, and eye color in humans?

Answer 28

More than 10 genes (nearly 170 genes)

Question 29

Do people with light skin have the same number of melanocytes as those with very dark skin?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What type of mutation changes the codon GAA to UAA?

Answer 30

Nonsense mutation

Question 31

Where was the first narcolepsy gene discovered?

Answer 31

In dogs (canines)

Question 32

What is it called when GGG increasingly consumes more cocaine to get the same effect?

Answer 32

Tolerance

Question 33

Myotonic dystrophy worsens with each generation because of the increasing number of repeated long DNA sequences

Answer 33

true

Question 34

What do all cancers reflect at the most general level?

Answer 34

A defect in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation

Question 35

What do sporadic cancers result from?

Answer 35

Somatic cells (somatic mutations)

Question 36

What are traditional cancer treatments?

Answer 36

Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation

Question 37

Why are mutations more likely to occur in repeated DNA sequences?

Answer 37

Because the bases can form base pairs by generating loops that interfere with DNA repair

Question 38

What is a tautomer?

Answer 38

An alternate structure of a molecule

Question 39

What is the proportion of shared genes between a grandparent and grandchild?

Answer 39

25 percent

Question 40

What is a source of gamma radiation?

Answer 40

Cesium isotope