Untitled Deck Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the historical significance of Wales, Ireland, and Scotland in British history?
Wales, Ireland, and Scotland have a different story from England, as their people feel distinct from the Anglo-Saxon English.
What geographical feature kept the Celts out of England?
Offa’s Dyke, the huge Earth wall, kept the Celts in the Welsh Peninsula.
What term do the Anglo-Saxons use to refer to the Celts in Wales?
The Anglo-Saxons called them Welsh, while the Celts referred to themselves as cymry, meaning ‘fellow countrymen’.
What was the societal structure in Wales during the 18th century?
Society was based on family groupings, each led by a strong leader who became a king.
Who was the first Welsh high king and what challenges did he face?
Gruffydd was the first Welsh high king strong enough to rule over all Wales, spending most of his reign fighting enemies.
What was the political structure of Ireland before the arrival of Christianity?
Ireland had a tribal society where kings were chosen by election, leading to continuous challenges for power.
What are the five kingdoms of Ireland?
The five kingdoms are Ulster, Munster, Leinster, Connaught, and Tara.
Who is considered the patron saint of Ireland and how did he spread Christianity?
Patrick, a British slave, spread Christianity in Ireland, marking the beginning of Ireland’s written history.
What characterized Ireland’s ‘golden age’?
A flourishing Celtic culture with no invaders and the growth of Christian monasteries.
What ended Ireland’s ‘golden age’?
The arrival of Viking raiders who plundered monasteries.
Who was Brian Boru and what was his significance?
Brian Boru was Ireland’s greatest ruler, who tried to unify Ireland and encouraged organization in various sectors.
What led to the Normans’ involvement in Ireland?
A king of Leinster invited the Normans to help him against his high king, providing them an excuse to expand.
What are the two distinct societies in Scotland?
The highland society in the north and the lowland society in the south.
What groups populated Scotland?
The Picts, Scots, Britons, and Angles.
How did the Picts differ from the Celts?
The Picts inherited rights and property from their mothers, unlike the Celts who followed a patrilineal system.
What was the impact of Viking raids on Scotland?
Viking raids forced the Picts and Scots to unite against a common enemy.
What was the Scots’ response to the threat from the English?
After a serious defeat by a Wessex army, the Scots sought friendship with the English.
What challenges did Scotland face in governance?
Scotland was difficult to rule due to its geography, making travel slow and challenging.
