Untitled Deck Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is blood classified as?
Connective tissue
Blood is the only fluid tissue in the human body.
What are the components of blood?
Formed elements and plasma
Formed elements include living cells, while plasma is the non-living matrix.
What types of cells are found in the formed elements of blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Erythrocytes are red blood cells; leukocytes are white blood cells.
What is the function of blood in the body?
Rapid transport of nutrients, waste products, respiratory gases, and cells
Blood also maintains body temperature, pH, fluid volume, prevents blood loss, and infection.
What is the normal pH range of blood?
7.35 to 7.45
Blood pH is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
What is the average volume of blood in males and females?
5-6 L for males and 4-5 L for females
Blood volume can vary based on size and health.
What is erythropoiesis?
The process of red blood cell production
Erythropoiesis is hormonally controlled and requires iron, amino acids, and B vitamins.
What is the role of hemoglobin in erythrocytes?
Reversibly binds with oxygen
Hemoglobin is essential for oxygen transport in the blood.
What are leukocytes responsible for?
Defending the body against foreign invaders
They are complete cells and can leave capillaries to move through tissues.
What is thrombocytopenia?
A condition of deficient platelet numbers
Thrombocytopenia can lead to excessive bleeding.
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
Vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and coagulation
Hemostasis is crucial for stopping bleeding.
What are the blood types based on?
Presence of A and B antigens in red blood cell membranes
Blood types also involve antibodies against these antigens.
What is the universal donor blood type?
Blood group O
Blood group O has no antigens, making it safe for transfusions.
What are the three major types of blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries, and veins
Each type has distinct functions in blood circulation.
What is the primary function of arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries have thicker walls to withstand higher pressure.
What is blood pressure?
The force exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by contained blood
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
True or False: Blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance.
True
This relationship is important for understanding circulation.
What are the components of blood plasma?
92% water, 7% plasma proteins, and 1% other solutes
Plasma proteins include albumin, globulins, and clotting proteins.
What is the role of albumin in blood plasma?
Responsible for viscosity and osmotic pressure
Albumin also functions as a carrier protein.
What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Triggers erythropoiesis
EPO is released by the kidneys when oxygen levels are low.
What is leukocytosis?
A WBC count over 11,000 per cubic millimeter
It is a normal response to infection.
What is the lifespan of platelets?
2-4 days
Platelets are essential for blood clotting.
What is the function of capillaries?
Facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.
What is the significance of the Rh factor?
Indicates the presence of specific antigens on red blood cells
Rh+ is dominant; Rh- is recessive.
