Untitled Deck Flashcards
What are pulmonic consonants?
Consonants that use air from the lungs!
Includes Stops, Fricatives, Nasals, Liquids, and Glides.
What are non-pulmonic consonants?
Consonants that use air from anywhere but the lungs (mouth or glottis).
Includes Clicks, Implosives, and Ejectives.
What is an obstruent?
Involves significant obstruction of airflow.
Includes stops, fricatives, and affricates.
What are sonorants?
Sounds with relatively open airflow.
Includes nasals, liquids, and glides.
What is a sibilant?
A type of fricative or affricate characterized by a high-pitched, hissing sound.
Example: sssssnake, shhhhhush.
What are homorganic sounds?
Sounds that share the same place of articulation.
Example: Alveolar.
What are homotypic sounds?
Sounds that share the same manner of articulation.
Example: Voiceless Stops.
What is a congrate?
A pair of consonants that share the same place and manner of articulation but sound different.
Example: p (voiceless) and b (voiced).
What does VOT stand for?
Voice onset time.
What is the VOT threshold for a stop to be perceived as voiced?
Less than 25 milliseconds.
What is VOT?
The time between the release of a stop consonant and the onset of vocal cord vibration.
What is coarticulation?
The slight overlapping of articulatory gestures, where one sound influences another.
What is anticipatory assimilation?
When a sound is influenced by a following sound.
What is assimilation?
A type of coarticulation where a sound becomes more like a neighboring sound.
What is retentive (perseveratory) assimilation?
When a sound is influenced by a preceding sound.
What is reduplication?
The combination of two words to form a new word, merging their meanings and sounds.
Example: brunch (breakfast + lunch).
What is spreading/shingling?
When features extend beyond their usual segment in speech.
What is a plosive/stop?
Complete stop of airflow in the air track then releasing.
Example: /p, b, t, d, k, g/; d in dog.
What is a fricative?
Forming air through narrow construction (friction).
Example: /θ/ think (theta).
What is an affricate?
Begins as a stop then releases as a fricative.
Example: /dʒ/ jump.
What is a nasal?
When airflow’s through the nose.
Example: /m/ man.
What is a semi-vowel?
A consonant-like sound that acts like a vowel.
Example: /w/ water.
What is a glide?
Minimal constriction with smooth movement.
Example: /w/ we.
What is a liquid?
When air is partially constricted but no friction is present.
Example: /r/ red.
