Untitled Deck Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are fluids? Give three different examples of fluids.
Fluids are substances that can flow and take the shape of their container. Examples: water, air, honey.
Most solids cannot flow. Use the particle theory to explain why solids are not considered to be fluids.
In solids, particles are tightly packed and can only vibrate in place, preventing them from flowing.
List four types of fluids found in the human body and describe one function of each.
Blood – Transports oxygen and nutrients.
Saliva – Helps digest food.
Sweat – Regulates body temperature.
Plasma – Carries cells and nutrients.
Compare laminar and turbulent flow. Provide examples for both.
Laminar Flow – Smooth and consistent movement (e.g., water through a hose).
Turbulent Flow – Chaotic and swirling movement (e.g., rapids in a river).
Define flow rate. What units are used to measure it?
Flow rate is how fast a fluid moves in a given time. Units: mL/s or L/min.
Use the particle theory to explain why 10 mL of liquid cannot fill a 20 mL container.
Particles in a liquid have a fixed volume, so they cannot expand to fill extra space like gases can.
List the five main statements of the particle theory.
All matter is made of tiny particles.
Particles are always moving.
Particles attract each other.
There are spaces between particles.
Adding heat makes particles move faster.
Is the science that studies wind patterns around wings called aerodynamics or hydrodynamics? Name two other applications related to this field.
Aerodynamics. Other applications: car design, wind turbines.
Explain the meanings of ‘cohesion’ and ‘adhesion’ using their word parts.
Cohesion (‘co’ = together) – Particles stick to each other (e.g., water droplets forming).
Adhesion (‘ad’ = to, ‘hesion’ = stick) – Particles stick to other surfaces (e.g., water on glass).
‘The greater the viscosity of a fluid, the slower the flow rate.’ Do you agree? Why?
Agree. Higher viscosity = stronger particle attraction, making it flow slower (e.g., honey vs. water).
Describe three ways fluid flow is important in the food industry.
Mixing ingredients in baking.
Pouring liquids in packaging.
Controlling temperature in refrigeration.
Describe one way that streamlining plays a role in daily activities.
Biking or running – Streamlined clothing reduces air resistance.
Should waterways be lined with concrete? Justify your answer.
No, because concrete can increase flooding and reduce natural water absorption.
‘Fluids are essential to life.’ Justify this statement.
Fluids transport nutrients, regulate temperature, and enable chemical reactions in living organisms.
Does warming a viscous fluid increase or decrease its flow rate? Explain using the particle theory.
Increases flow rate because heat makes particles move faster and spread apart.
Name three factors that affect fluid flow.
Viscosity – Thicker = slower.
Pipe Shape – Narrow pipes slow flow.
Temperature – Warmer = faster flow.
If a fluid has strong adhesion and cohesion, will it have a fast or slow flow rate? Explain.
Slow because strong attraction resists movement.
How is traveling through air similar to traveling through water?
Both involve fluid resistance (drag).
Both can be streamlined for efficiency.
Both are affected by pressure and flow rate.
When you tip a syrup bottle, why does the syrup take a long time to flow down?
Viscosity – Syrup is thick and resists movement.
Cohesion – Syrup sticks to itself.
Adhesion – Syrup sticks to the bottle walls.
