Untitled Deck Flashcards
(8 cards)
How is a cation formed?
A cation is formed when an atom loses electrons, making it positively charged.
Example: Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
What do bases release in a solution?
Bases release OH⁻ (hydroxide ions) in solution.
What happens during dehydration synthesis?
Water is removed to form bonds between monomers.
Example: Glucose + Glucose → Maltose + H₂O
How does the sodium-potassium pump work?
It moves 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in, using ATP to maintain membrane potential.
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change forms.
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
Enzymes lower activation energy, making reactions occur faster.
How many ATP are produced per glucose in aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP (not 2 ATP).
Which part of cellular respiration is anaerobic?
Glycolysis (takes place in the cytoplasm, does not require oxygen).
