Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is the trend of urban areas in global population growth?

Answer 1

Significant growth

Question 2

What happened to rural populations around 2008?

Answer 2

Rural and urban populations were equal

Question 3

When did the first large-scale urbanization occur?

Answer 3

During the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century in Europe and North America

Question 4

What percentage of the global population was in megacities in 2000?

Answer 4

3.6%

Question 5

What is the expected percentage of the global population in megacities by 2030?

Answer 5

8.6%

Question 6

What percentage of urbanization was observed in Western Europe in 1950?

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

What was the urbanization percentage in the USA in 1980?

Answer 7

74%

Question 8

What is the urbanization rate in the USA as of present day?

Answer 8

89%

Question 9

What economic activity concentrates in urban areas?

Answer 9

Trade and exchange

Question 10

What percentage of the UK GDP does London contribute?

Answer 10

22%

Question 11

List three benefits of urban growth.

Answer 11

• Increased trade
• Agglomeration economies
• Improved quality of life

Question 12

What are the negative effects of urban sprawl?

Answer 12

• Increased water runoff
• Reduced aquifer replenishment
• Higher flood risks

Question 13

What model describes urban expansion along transport routes?

Answer 13

Hoyt model

Question 14

What was the population of St. Ives in 1961?

Answer 14

3,800

Question 15

What is urbanization?

Answer 15

Increase in people living in cities/towns

Question 16

Define megacity.

Answer 16

City with >10 million people

Question 17

What is globalization?

Answer 17

Increased global interconnectedness via trade/culture

Question 18

What drives rural-to-urban migration?

Answer 18

• Industrialization
• Mechanized farming

Question 19

What are suburban areas characterized by?

Answer 19

• Larger homes
• Green spaces
• Less crime
• More family-friendly

Question 20

List two causes of suburbanization.

Answer 20

• Pollution
• Overcrowding

Question 21

What is counter-urbanization?

Answer 21

Migration from cities to rural areas

Question 22

What are two negative impacts of counter-urbanization?

Answer 22

• Increased house prices
• Reduced public transport

Question 23

What are the contributing factors to urban resurgence?

Answer 23

• Property-led regeneration
• Growth in retail centers

Question 24

What is deindustrialization?

Answer 24

Decline of manufacturing in the UK during the 1970s-80s

Question 25

What is the difference between greenfield and brownfield sites?

Answer 25

* Greenfield: Undeveloped land * Brownfield: Formerly developed land

Question 26

What is urban morphology?

Answer 26

The structure and layout of urban areas influenced by natural and man-made factors

Question 27

What is the Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI)?

Answer 27

Urban areas tend to be warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities

Question 28

What causes urban precipitation to increase?

Answer 28

Urban Heat Island effect creating local convection

Question 29

What are the sources of air pollution?

Answer 29

* Vehicles * Industrial activities * Burning of fossil fuels

Question 30

What is the impact of air pollutants on health?

Answer 30

Exacerbates respiratory and cardiovascular diseases

Question 31

What is a flood hydrograph?

Answer 31

A graph showing the response of a river to rainfall

Question 32

What are push factors for urban migration?

Answer 32

* Over-agriculture * Conflict * Natural disasters

Question 33

What are Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS)?

Answer 33

Systems designed to manage urban drainage and reduce flooding

Question 34

What is river restoration?

Answer 34

Restoring rivers to their natural course by removing embankments

Question 35

What is the case study of Cheonggyecheon River in Seoul known for?

Answer 35

Transforming a freeway into a green pedestrian corridor

Question 36

What are the two main approaches to waste disposal?

Answer 36

* Recycling * Incineration

Question 37

What are the positive aspects of incineration?

Answer 37

* Reduces waste volume by 90% * Generates energy

Question 38

What is a disadvantage of landfills?

Answer 38

Environmental threats and methane production