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Physics Final Review > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(125 cards)

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1
Q

Doppler Packets used in color doppler, have less sensitivity to low flow

A

False

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2
Q

2 Bits is equal to _______ shades of gray

A

4 shades of gray

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3
Q

A _____________ is used to measure the acoustic pressure of the sound beam

A

Hydrophone

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4
Q

A byte is a collection of eight bits of computer memory

A

True

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5
Q

A advantage of pulsed-wave Doppler (PW) is _________________-

A

Range resolution

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6
Q

A disadvantage of pulsed-wave Doppler (PW) is _________________-

A

Velocity limit

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7
Q

A quality assurance program must be performed

A

routinely

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8
Q

A signal with 130 dB dynamic range was previously compressed by 20 dB. What is the dynamic range of the original uncompressed signal?

A

150 dB

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9
Q

A sonographer adjusts the depth of view from 3cm to 9cm. If the frame rate remains the same, which of the following must have occurred?

A

decreased the sector from 90 degrees to 30 degrees

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10
Q

A sonographer is performing a Liver ultrasound exam. What adjustment will increase the Mechanical Index?

A

Increase the power

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11
Q

A sonographer reduces the sector angle from 60 degrees to 30 degrees. At the same time, the ultrasound system automatically increases the line density from 1 line per degree to 2 lines per degree. No other changes are made. What happens to temporal resolution?

A

remains unchanged

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12
Q

A stronger (higher) peak refraction peak will create a ________ mechanical index

A

Higher

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13
Q

A higher frequency will create stronger Mechanical Index?

A

False

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14
Q

Increasing the line density will increase the frame rate

A

False

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15
Q

Increasing the number of focus will increase the frame rate

A

False

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16
Q

Decreasing the depth will increase the frame rate

A

True

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17
Q

Decreasing the sector will increase the frame rate

A

True

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18
Q

Multi focus will decrease the frame rate, but improve lateral resolution

A

True

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19
Q

20 degree sector size has a higher frame rate than a 50 degree sector size

A

True

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20
Q

All of the following are true about the effects of stenosis on blood flow, Except

A

The post stenotic pressure increases as a result of energy loss

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21
Q

All of the following statements regarding turbulent flow are false, EXCEPT

A

Turbulent flow is often associated with cardiac pathology

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22
Q

A 6 Mhz transducer has a pulse repetition frequency of 6,000 Hz and the imaging depth is set at 12cm. What is the Nyquist frequency?

A

3 kHz or 3,000 Hz

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23
Q

At which depth in the image below are reflections maximally compensated by the ultrasound system?

A

Knee

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24
Q

Tissue harmonics are stronger than Contrast harmonics

A

False

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25
Tissue harmonic are created during transmission
True
26
Harmonic is the result of nonlinear behavior
True
27
How will the thermal index change if you increase the receiver gain to its maximum level?
No change
28
How will the Mechanical Index change if you increase the receiver gain to its maximum level?
No change
29
Only Power (also known output power) has bioeffects concerns?
True
30
If the PRF is increased, __________ will increase also
frame rate
31
If the PRP increases______________ will increase also
The Depth
32
If the frame rate increases and the lines per frame is unchanged, what else must have happened?
The depth decreases or the sector is more narrow
33
How would you fix the waveform in image c?
decrease the wall filter
34
When the angle of the beam to the vessel, is approximately 90 degree with don’t have……………
Doppler shift.
35
__________ removes low amplitude signals from the 2D image
Reject (also known threshold or suppression)
36
Plug flow and laminar flow are considered……
Laminar flow
37
The Reynold Number for Laminar flow is..
1500
38
The Reynold for turbulent flow is…
2000 or more
39
temporal compounding degrades the ____________
frame rate and the temporal resolution
40
This vessel has low resistant or high resistant flow?
Low resistant
41
This vessel has low resistant or high resistant flow?
High Resistant
42
Which technique is used to perform spectral analysis on pulsed Doppler data?
Fast Fourier transforms
43
Which technique is used to perform color doppler analysis?
Autocorrelation
44
Which receiver function converts the all returning signals into positive voltages and can not be adjusted by the sonographer
Rectification
45
Which receiver function is the only one that is able to amplify the signal according to the depth of view
Compensation
46
Which of the following will increase with increased output power?
patient exposure, the risk of Bioeffects
47
Which of the following technologies uses long sound pulses to create an image and improve axial spatial and contrast resolution?
coded excitation
48
At what level take place code excitation?
At the level of the pulser
49
Which of the following techniques is used to create image data where none really exists?
Fill-in interpolation
50
Which of the following is more likely to occur with low frequency, high amplitude sound waves?
higher mechanical index
51
Is Mechanical Index associated with cavitation?
YES
52
Which of the following characteristics of an LCD monitor determines the spatial resolution of the 2D image?
number of pixels
53
Reduce noise and clutter on a 2D image, Improve Spatial resolution
Spatial compounding
54
Spatial compounding degrade the Frame rate and the Temporal Resolution?
Yes
55
Which image is deeper?
56
Which image has increased PRP?
57
Which image will have the Best temporal resolution?
Shallow depth
58
Which image has a narrow dynamic range?
Bistable (black and white)
59
Which control would you adjust to increase the amplitude and intensity of the transmitted pulse?
Power
60
Multiple Choice: Which color map would you use in this case...
Variance to determine turbulence
61
Which color map is used to evaluate the color flow in the image below?
velocity mode
62
Which artifact is related to the propagation speed of soft tissue?
range error artifact
63
Harmonic is twice the fundamental frequency?
yes
64
Tissue Harmonic Occurs during reflection?
No, occurs during transmission
65
Harmonic is the result of nonlinear behavior.
True
66
When the signal to noise ratio is high, there is more visible contamination on the image
False
67
Output power can improve the signal to noise ratio?
Yes
68
What type of processing technique is used for the image below?
phase quadrature
69
What type of Doppler is non-directional?
Power
70
All of the following are ways to eliminate aliasing except:
High transducer frequency
71
The red arrow in the image below is pointing to a Doppler artifact called ______________
Aliasing
72
A positive Doppler shift means that the red blood cells __________
are moving toward the transducer
73
What system component determines the pulse repetition frequency?
Pulser
74
Absorption is the conversion of ultrasound energy into……………………..
Heat. Absorption is related to heating of the tissues
75
What portion of the TGC curve would you adjust to decrease the brightness in the dead zone?
near gain
76
What is the result of increasing the wall filter during Doppler sampling?
Reduce low frequency Doppler shifts
77
If you increase the numbers of focus, what resolution you improve?
Lateral Resolution
78
Which is the name of this artifact
Shadow artifact
79
Enhancement is the result of?
low attenuation
80
What is the arrow pointing to?
Sample volume also named gate
81
A sonographer is performing a BREAST ULTRASOUND exam. What control in your machine, when you increase it, will increase the Mechanical Index?
A. increasing the output power
82
The pulser's output is measured and displayed on our ultrasound image. The two indices are:
Thermal index and mechanical index
83
What is improved when using Write zoom instead of Read zoom magnification?
The Spatial Resolution
84
What happens to venous return to the heart (from the lower extremities) when an individual exhales?
Increases
85
The process of demodulation incorporates all the following, except:
Amplification
86
What happens to the venous return to the heart (from lower extremities) when the individual inhales?
Decreases
87
What effect will you detect on a 2D image if you increase the reject control?
Decreased appearance of weak echo signals
88
What does the tissue equivalent phantom test for?
All of the above
89
What does the image below represent?
Crosstalk
90
The lowest frame rate
Answer B
91
A sonographer is performing a liver ultrasound exam. What adjustment will increase the Mechanical Index?
d. A stronger (higher) peak refraction pressure
92
What causes the artifact (the blue arrows are pointing to) to occur?
Edge shadow a sound beam divergency
93
What causes granting lobe artifacts?
acoustic energy radiating in a direction other than the beam’s main axis
94
What can the sonographer adjust to fix aliasing?
Velocity scale, Increase the velocity scale to the maximum
95
All of the following are true about the effects of stenosis on blood flow, Except
A. The post stenotic pressure increases
96
What can the sonographer adjust on the ultrasound machine to reduce the artifact seen in the view below?
Wall filter
97
What artifact is shown in this image?
Reverberation
98
What is the order in which the following system components are activated?
Pulser, beam former, receiver, memory (scan converter), display
99
The arterial flow (pulsatile flow) occurs due to:
Heart contraction
100
The Scan converter is responsible for apodization, beam steering & focusing
False
101
The spectral waveform below displays
spectral broadening
102
According to Alara if the signal is too bright what you should adjust first (lower)?
output power
103
What represent the row of wires on top of the tissue equivalent phantom?
The dead zone
104
The row of wires in the middle is used to check:
Axial resolution
105
The process of eliminating low amplitude signals is called all of the following EXCEPT
a. Gain
106
The process of demodulation has two components; rectification and smoothing (also named enveloping)
True
107
Which of the following forms of cavitation are most likely to produce microstreaming in the intracellular fluid and shear stresses?
stable cavitation
108
The venous flow most likely represents:
phasic flow
109
The data obtained from the stiffness of tissues combined with the ultrasound reflections into images is called
Elastography
110
The beam former distributes___________patterns for array transducers during transmission
Delay
111
The arterial blood pressure of a standing individual is 110 mmHg. What is the hydrostatic pressure at the subject’s ankle?
110 mmHg
112
The arterial blood pressure of a supine individual is 110 mmHg. What is the hydrostatic pressure at the subject’s ankle?
0 (Because there is no hydrostatic pressure if you are supine)
113
If you adjust image data after it has been stored in the scan converter you are doing…..
post processing
114
The Pulser creates electrical signals that excite the transducer’s crystals
Yes…..
115
The Pulser is responsible for the PRP and PRF
YES
116
The Doppler frequency is……
Directly proportional to transducer frequency and blood velocity
117
We can see the Spectral broadening of a waveform in……
turbulent flow
118
Sound with a harmonic frequency of 8 MHz is created. What is the fundamental frequency?
4Mhz (Harmonic is twice the fundamental frequency)
119
Read magnification can be used on a frozen image?
True
120
Write magnification is made in real time
Yes…..
121
Write magnification improves the spatial resolution
Yes…..
122
NQL is…………
Equal to half of the PRF
123
Is a non-directional Doppler?
Power or Angio
124
The spectral Analysis for color
Autocorrelation
125
The spectral analysis for pulse Doppler…..
FFT

Physics Final Review (1 decks)

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